Toad Testicles, Foul-Beard and Broad-Arse. Louis, who desired nothing more than peace, hesitated but finally accepted the inheritance. Molire, original name Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, (baptized January 15, 1622, Paris, Francedied February 17, 1673, Paris), French actor and playwright, the greatest of all writers of French comedy. Nevertheless, he wrote a successful Les Fourberies de Scapin ("Scapin's Deceits"), a farce and a comedy in five acts. These six days of spectacular celebrations firmly established the legend of Versailles as a festive venue. In both locations, Molire found success among Parisians with plays such as The Affected Ladies, The School for Husbands, and The School for Wives. But it was a commercial flop, forcing Molire to immediately write Le mdecin malgr lui (The Doctor Despite Himself), a satire against the official sciences. [15] Two nights before, an audience member had slumped from his seat to die on the floor, perhaps in sympathy with Molire and the play. [18] Later Molire concentrated on writing musical comedies, in which the drama is interrupted by songs and/or dances, but for years the fundamentals of numerous comedy-traditions would remain strong, especially Italian (e.g. Of all the supporting actors Gale consistently drew the most critical appreciation. That the king was not pleased with Molires efforts at self-promotion may well have been one of the reasons why Louis XIV authorized Jean-Baptiste Lully to oversee all the material aspects of musical productions in France, including Molires comdies-ballets. Franoise has invited both Molire and Armande to her apartments, unbeknownst to each other. Louis XIV est un fervent dfenseur des arts et du thtre. Moeller acknowledged Miller's creative contribution in the dedication for the published play.[3]. It apparently was a success and secured the favour of the kings brother Philippe, duc dOrlans. It is said that soon thereafter Molire became angry with Racine when he was told that he had secretly presented his tragedy to the company of the Htel de Bourgogne as well. This article is about the French playwright. With the help of Monsieur, his company was allowed to share the theatre in the large hall of the Petit-Bourbon with the famous Italian Commedia dell'arte company of Tiberio Fiorillo, famous for his character of Scaramouche. Many words or phrases introduced in Molire's plays are still used in current French: Molire plays a small part in Alexandre Dumas's novel The Vicomte of Bragelonne, in which he is seen taking inspiration from the muskeeter Porthos for his central character in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme. Louis attended to every detail, while at the same time giving dazzling entertainment and carrying on a tumultuous love affair with Louise de La Vallire. The monarchy became increasingly isolated from the people and thereby assumed a decidedly mythical quality. WebXIV (16381715) in 1658, it was Molire's comedy, Le Docteur amoureux , 1664 Molire was invited to perform Tartuffe ou l'Imposteur, an attack on religious hypocrisy, for Louis XIV at Versailles, France. Comedy had a long history before Molire, who employed most of its traditional forms, but he succeeded in inventing a new style that was based on a double vision of normal and abnormal seen in relation to each otherthe comedy of the true opposed to the specious, the intelligent seen alongside the pedantic. [7], On 10 February 2019, Google celebrated Molire with a doodle. Although his father clearly intended him to take over his royal appointment, the young man renounced it in 1643, apparently determined to break with tradition and seek a living on the stage. His absolute monarchy was one of the most successful during the Age of Absolution, having the longest rule of any monarch in Europe. To continue reading this article you will need to purchase access to the online archive. The king's brother became Molire's patron; later Molire and his colleagues were appointed official providers of entertainment to the Sun King himself. [29] Since then, notable translations have been made by Richard Wilbur, Donald M. Frame, and many others. At the same time, great changes were occurring in his private life. Historians differ as to whether his father or the lover of a member of his troupe paid his debts; either way, after a 24-hour stint in prison he returned to the acting circuit. After his imprisonment, he and Madeleine began a theatrical circuit of the provinces with a new theatre troupe; this life was to last about twelve years, during which he initially played in the company of Charles Dufresne, and subsequently created a company of his own, which had sufficient success and obtained the patronage of Philippe I, Duke of Orlans. The same year, he premiered L'cole des femmes (The School for Wives), subsequently regarded as a masterpiece. The King was enchanted, finding it all highly amusing; but, on the advice of the Archbishop of Paris, Mgr. In 1631, his father Jean Poquelin purchased from the court of Louis XIII the posts of "valet de chambre ordinaire et tapissier du Roi" ("valet of the King's chamber and keeper of carpets and upholstery"). Molire came of age as France was emerging into its Grand Sicle (Great Century). The Palace of Versailles benefited from the France Relance plan. WebDuring these 12 years he polished his skills as actor, director, administrator, and playwright. George Dandin, ou Le mari confondu (The Confounded Husband) was little appreciated, but success returned with L'Avare (The Miser), now very well known. Inscrivez-vous la lettre d'information La quotidienne pour recevoir toutes nos dernires Actualits une fois par jour. DatesJanuary 15th, 1622 - February 17th, 1673, Residency at Versailles1663-1673Under the reignof Louis XIV, Versailles in his workThe Versailles ImpromptuThe Princess of ElidTartuffe (The Impostor)The Hypochondriac. Molire, now ill, wrote less. [12] The Sun thought Bates' second act and Miller's third act performances excellent, and saluted Holbrook Blinn for keeping Louis XIV from looking ridiculous, but felt Moeller's writing "the most interesting element of the evening". Download. This page was last edited on 25 October 2022, at 06:03. With Lully he again used music for Monsieur de Pourceaugnac, for Les Amants magnifiques, and finally for Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (The Middle Class Gentleman), another of his masterpieces. He was to give himself entirely to the theatre for 30 years and to die exhausted at the age of 51. It was likely that he changed his name to spare his father the shame of having an actor in the family (actors, although no longer vilified by the state under Louis XIV, were still not allowed to be buried in sacred ground). It was in competition for the Palme d'Or at Cannes in 1978. Updates? Louis XIV, Molire Date 1862 date QS:P571,+1862-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 Medium oilon panel medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q106857709,P518,Q861259 This work too was quickly suspended. Between 1646 and 1658, this troupe, under the patronage of the Prince of Conti, travelled all over the Kingdom, enjoying increasing success. Taking leave of his father, he joined the actress Madeleine Bjart, with whom he had crossed paths before, and founded the Illustre Thtre with 630 livres. Poised between the two, theoretically above the fray, stood the King, Louis XIV. [21] The risky move paid off and Molire was asked to produce twelve more comdies-ballets before his death. The queen died, and the king secretly married Mme de Maintenon, who imperceptibly gained in political influence. In his 14 years in Paris, Molire singlehandedly wrote 31 of the 85 plays performed on his stage. [7], Despite the adulation of the court and Parisians, Molire's satires attracted criticism from other circles. In June 1643, when Molire was 21, he decided to abandon his social class and pursue a career on the stage. "Molire", pp. Despite many victories, Louis gave up part of his territorial acquisitions when he signed the Treaty of Rijswijk, for which the public judged him harshly. It is now widely regarded as Molire's most refined masterpiece, the one with the highest moral content, but it was little appreciated at its time. The king, demonstrating his protection once again, became the new official sponsor of Molire's troupe. On his return to Paris, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother. Le Tartuffe (or The Impostor), the play that was staged at Versailles as part of The Pleasures of the Enchanted Island in 1664, was the subject of a controversy that raged for five years. King Louis XIIIs chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu, maneuvered to weaken the power of the nobility and consolidate the kings absolute authority, justified by a He collapsed on stage in a fit of coughing and haemorrhaging while performing in the last play he had written, which had lavish ballets performed to the music of Marc-Antoine Charpentier and which ironically was titled Le Malade imaginaire (The Imaginary Invalid). Little remains of his splendid palaces at Saint-Germain and Marly, but Versaillescursed as extravagant even as it was under construction and accused of having ruined the nationstill stands. In Lyon, Mademoiselle Du Parc, known as Marquise, joined the company. Landolt | Published in History Today Volume 16 Issue 11 November 1966 Molire meurt la suite d'une reprsentation du Malade Imaginaire. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. The Acadmie preached unity of time, action, and styles of verse. Although the sacred and secular authorities of 17th-century France often combined against him, the genius of Molire finally emerged to win him WebWhen he was 13 years old, Molire was sent to the prestigious school Jesuits College of Clermont (now Lyce Louis-le-Grand) until 1641. Molire was forced to reach Paris in stages, staying outside for a few weeks in order to promote himself with society gentlemen and allow his reputation to feed in to Paris. On his return to Paris, Molire was taken under the wing of Monsieur, the kings brother. Comedies, in his view, were made to be acted. Supporting [ edit] Baron a seventeen year old member of Molire's company. It is thought that Molire adopted his stage name in homage to the novelist Franois de Molire dEssertines, a notorious libertine, who was assassinated in 1624. [5], Born into a prosperous family and having studied at the Collge de Clermont (now Lyce Louis-le-Grand), Molire was well suited to begin a life in the theatre. He won this contest almost single-handed. Omissions? WebLouis XIV and Molire (1862) Jean-Lon Grme (French, 1824-1904) Facebook Twitter Pinterest. Although the sacred and secular authorities of 17th-century France often combined against him, the genius of Molire finally emerged to win him The protagonists were Molire, on the one hand, and the party, or cabale, of the dvots on the other. [9] They summed up the play as being "richer in rhetoric than drama". (2,827 1,600 pixels, file size: 1.52 MB, MIME type: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/, Fine Arts: PICTURES ON EXHIBITION IN NEW YORK. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Both this work and his marriage attracted much criticism. Le Roi Soleil aime en effet tre diverti et porte une grande considration lcriture. Moeller's interpretation of this real-life figure is ahistorical. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed at the Comdie-Franaise more often than those of any other playwright today. 1556332. Download. It is testimony to the freshness of his vision that the greatest comic artists working centuries later in other media, such as Charlie Chaplin, have been compared to Molire. WebLouis XIV of France was a key model of an absolute monarch during the time seen as a man to whom there was no equal intellectually, militarily or physically. It was written in 19321933 and first published 1962. On September 1, 1715, four days before his 77th birthday, Louis XIV died of gangrene at Versailles. [fn 1] WebXIV (16381715) in 1658, it was Molire's comedy, Le Docteur amoureux , 1664 Molire was invited to perform Tartuffe ou l'Imposteur, an attack on religious hypocrisy, for Louis XIV at Versailles, France. Molire's study in his theatre in the Palais-Royal; two hours later. The resulting war lasted from 1688 to 1697. 756757, in, This page was last edited on 9 February 2023, at 14:17. Louiss great fortune was in having among his subjects an extraordinary group of men in every area of activity. The author died in 1904, so this work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 100 years or fewer. Corrections? Copyright 2023 History Today Ltd. Company no. A so-called parti des Dvots arose in French high society, who protested against Molire's excessive "realism" and irreverence, which were causing some embarrassment. In 1670, he wrote The Bourgeois Gentleman a comedy ballet for which Lully composed the music, including the well-known Marche pour la crmonie des Turcs (March for the ceremony of the Turks). Download. Molire is often associated with the claim that comedy castigat ridendo mores or "criticises customs through humour" (a phrase in fact coined by his contemporary Jean de Santeuil and sometimes mistaken for a classical Latin proverb). In 1658 the troupe returned to Paris and played before Louis XIV. The king energetically devoted himself to building new residences. Boileau also supported him through statements that he included in his Art potique. In his plays, the comic is based on a double vision that holds together opposing ideas, such as wisdom and folly or right and wrong. This fact was forgotten in the 19th century. She was the widow of the satirist Paul Scarron and the former governess of the kings illegitimate children. [22] Molire also collaborated with Jean-Baptiste Lully. 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