You see, we speak of being anchored to our principles. This is Aalto. Did she plot against the crown? Her early years are obscure. But Margaret herself was an ornament to Henry. That was what really cost her head in the end, but we wanted to . The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. Thomas More: A very brief history June 29, 2017; Henry VIII's Westminster Tournament 1511 June 5, 2017; Henry VII had controlled them first while her brother was a minor and then during his imprisonment; he later confiscated them after his trial. The sons of Edward IV, 11 and 13 years old, had been held in the Tower by their uncle Richard III, and last been seen by Londoners in the summer of 1483. His name was on the attainder and he was brought before the Privy Council in February 1534. This was an obvious lie; More had never said anything of the sort to any other visitor, why Rich? He waited five days before being summoned to the scaffold on Tower Hill. Yet if you were to ask Mores contemporaries to describe him, their words would be as conflicted and contradictory as the man himself. Margarets husband Richard died in 1504, leaving her with five young children and very little land or money. In The Kings Curse (2014) she was ground up by the great fictionalising machine that is Philippa Gregory, and in 2003 she was the subject of a major biography by Hazel Pierce: Margaret Pole: Loyalty, Lineage and Leadership. Later that year, Reginald was summoned to Rome, made a cardinal and put in charge of organising a crusade against England economic sanctions first, war if need be. Her many fortified houses and castles, the number of tenants she could turn out, the belligerent propaganda from abroad all these brought the whole family into deep suspicion. His natural piety was at odds with other courtiers, all of whom jockeyed ceaselessly for the kings favor. The honor was tremendous; notably, More was the first layman to hold the office. In theory, after she married, a womans personal property and real estate were at her husbands disposal. And the king was not pleased with the young lawyer; he promptly imprisoned Mores father in the Tower until he paid a substantial fine. John More was a successful lawyer who was later knighted and made a judge of the Kings Bench; he was prosperous enough to send his son to Londons best school, St Anthonys at Threadneedle Street. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. The next year, when her sons were mixed up with Buckingham, she was removed from that appointment, but later restored to it by 1525. Of the many executions ordered by Henry VIII, surely the most horrifying was that of sixty-seven-year-old Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, hacked to pieces on the scaffold by a blundering headsman. A devoted Catholic, More refuses to sign Parliament's Act of Supremacy, which declares King Henry, and not the Pope, the Supreme Head of the new Church of England. He was the child Margaret had been carrying when her brother Warwick was executed. He was not prepared, as he saw it, to imperil his immortal soul by taking the oath that Henry required of all his people, and he died for his belief.. She was born on the 14th August 1473 and married Sir Richard Pole in 1491, having five children before she was widowed in 1505. In fact she was 67. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 - 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York ), by his wife Isabel . Margarets youngest son, Geoffrey, probably under threat of torture, denounced not only his own family but the Courtenay clan and other prominent members of the old families. If you use any of the content on this page in your own work, please use the code below to cite this page as the source of the content. Elizabeth Throckmorton. He was a half-cousin of the first Tudor king, Henry VII; Richard Poles mother was a half-sister of, Reginald Pole, a cardinal and papal diplomat, last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Pole, who went into exile in Europe when accused of conspiracy by Henry VIII. Richard Pole held a variety of offices in Henry VII's government, the highest being Chamberlain for Arthur, Prince of Wales, Henry's elder son. Gaily agreeing that the chief female virtues are meekness and self-effacement, they managed estates, signed off accounts, bought wardships and brokered marriage settlements, all the while keeping up a steady output of needlework. Both Sir Thomas More and Margaret Pole were devout Catholics, dedicated to their faith and their country. Henry accepted Mores resignation. And More was more convinced than ever that he needed to leave royal service. Birth date: February 7, 1478. They had 1 son & 3 daughters: [1] Sir Thomas. In the spring of 1536 the Boleyn family were destroyed, and the Pole family and other English grandees grouped themselves about the incoming queen, Jane Seymour. In 1520 Margaret was appointed governess to Henry's daughter Mary. Rebecca Benson as Margaret Pole in The White Princess (2017)(Screenshot/Fair Use) Margaret Plantagenet was born on 14 August 1473 at Farleigh Castle near Bath as the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville. The one potentially scandalous act of his life was his quick second marriage to a widow seven years his senior, Alice Middleton. [27] She is commemorated in the dedication of the Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole in Southbourne, Bournemouth.[28]. It was during this trip that he began to write Utopia, his most famous work. Margaret if it is she wears coral and ermine. Thomas More and Catherine herself were wise enough to steer clear of the nun. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. Margaret Pole, as she was now styled, was held in the Tower of London for two-and-a-half years. Get the best results here. Her brothers royal blood, however, remained a danger. Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr. He grew up cultivated and cosmopolitan, sensitive, lively-minded. Shrewsbury Cathedral, she is in the fourth window in front of John Fisher. In 1487, an imposter, Lambert Simmel, pretended to be her brother Edward, and was used to try to gather a rebellion against Henry VII. In this first biography of a significant female figure in the male-dominated world of British Tudor politics, Hazel Pierce reconsiders the life and martyrdom of Catholic duchess Margaret Pole against the changing social and political landscape of her times. It was not so much a letter as a small book. His naivety meant that, when threats to the regime mounted, he was easily entrapped. Richard III sent the children to Sheriff Hutton Castle in Yorkshire. Her husbands career flourished. (2020, August 26). But it is difficult to detect in her conduct the heroic virtues assumed by Rome, and easier to see self-protective caution at work. At this point, Reginald delivered him a nasty surprise, in the shape of a letter denouncing him as a schismatic, heretic and disgrace to Christendom: a Nero, a wild beast. Margaret's loyalty was to Katherine of Aragon and to her daughter Princess Mary to whom she was governess and godmother. Hilary Mantel. Pole and his hagiographers gave several later accounts of Pole's activities after Henry met Anne Boleyn. Put a different hood on her, and she could be a man one of her own Plantagenet relations. Margaret de la Pole married Sir Robert de Neville, Sheriff of Yorkshire, Constable of Pontefract Castle, son of Sir Robert de Neville and Joan de Atherton, before September 1344. In 1537, after the split from the Roman Catholic Church proclaimed by Henry VIII, Pope Paul II created Reginald Pole who, though he had studied theology extensively and served the church, had not been ordained a priest Archbishop of Canterbury, and assigned Pole to organize efforts to replace Henry VIII with a Roman Catholic government. Margaret Pole ended up becoming a Catholic martyr. The charge was treason. On the 27th May 1541, the elderly Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, godmother and former governess to Henry VIII's daughter Mary, was executed at the Tower of London. He died on 8 August 1420. Birth Year: 1478. Her mother, the great heiress Isabel Neville, died in 1476 after giving birth to her fourth child; this last baby, like Isabels first child, did not live. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, she became a lady-in-waiting to the princess. Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was born at Farley Castle, near Bath, on 14th August, in or about the year 1473. 83 ratings9 reviews. London Review of Books Margaret reminded Reginald what they all owed to the Tudors, and urged him to give up his enterprise, to take another way and serve the king: his renegade actions, she said, had plunged her into grief and fear, and trust me, Reginald, there never went the death of thy father or of any child so nigh my heart. Thomas Cromwell, who spied efficiently on the whole family, tried to have Reginald abducted or assassinated. The barrel, though, may have been strung on Margaret after her death. Edward IV died in 1483 when Margaret was ten. The Duke of Clarence plotted against Edward IV and in February 1478 was attainted and executed for treason. But eventually the break between the king and his chief minister could not be ignored. Henry Tudor had the real Warwick in custody, and was able to produce him, so the rebellion came to nothing. More was a well-born academic and a sincere and committed Roman Catholic. Biography. Here is an excerpt from Chapter 7, "Unheard-Of Cruelty", describing the trial and execution of Sir Thomas More. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." Please change your browser settings to allow Javascript content to run. Credit: PjrWindows / Alamy Stock Photo. Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. If my head should win him a castle in France, he told his son-in-law in 1525, it should not fail to go.). Ursula Pole, Baroness Stafford the daughter of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury and Sir Richard Pole. It seems Margaret was questioned about her contacts with Barton, but she came to no harm as a result and, unlike Gertrude, she escaped without grovelling. In 1876, during restoration work on the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, the bones of a tall, elderly woman came to light. Thomas More (1478-1535), lawyer and moral philosopher, is still regarded by many Catholics as the quintessential good man. This conviction meant they lost their titles and their landsmostly in the South of England--conveniently located to assist any invasion. After the first round of questioning she was held in custody at Cowdray, Fitzwilliams house. The Execution of a Duke. And the king did not force the issue. Mary's household was broken up at the end of the year, and Margaret asked to serve Mary at her own cost, but was not permitted. This site requires the use of Javascript to provide the best possible experience. Under interrogation, Geoffrey said that his eldest brother, Lord Montagu, and the Marquess had been parties to his correspondence with Reginald. Joan (Margaret) Pole ca 1333-Married toThomas Chaworth ca 1331-1373 Paternal grand-parents, uncles and aunts. She served later as a governess to Mary. Her father was Shakespeares false, fleeting, perjured Clarence, who died in the Tower of London at the age of 29, attainted for treason and supposedly drowned in a butt of malmsey. She is a former faculty member of the Humanist Institute. I decided to investigate anemometers, because I wanted to look at different ways of measuring wind speed. I have a feeling that Edward and Thomas had an even closer relationship when their brother Henry was around. We do not know. In May 1515, More was sent to Bruges as part of a delegation arranged by Wolsey to revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. Margarets brother was 24. Ten years on, her situation was more difficult to negotiate. The remnants of the Plantagenets had no difficulty in breeding, while the Tudors were less lucky. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. His lands and titles were thereby forfeited. Edward was then brought out and displayed briefly to the public. With the accession of the young king uxorious, beautiful and benign England seemed to have entered a golden age: and at his coronation, all the spectators, and presumably Margaret Pole with them, with great reverence, love and desire, said and cried: Yea, yea!. His home at Chelsea was as close as Tudor England would come to an 18th century French salon. We know her, as we know so many of her contemporaries, through her inventories, through legal documents and official letters. But for the rest of his reign Henry VII would be plagued by pretenders, persistently rising from the dead. Perhaps his earlier justification for the annulment had been a matter of self-interest, a selective interpretation of opaque text. Her life, marked by stunning reversals of fortune, is an irresistible subject, but it presents a familiar difficulty for the historian. But literacy was their usual weapon, not spells, and many of them picked up enough legal knowledge to fight their corner in civil disputes. It was More's execution - far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole - which established the king's reputation for capricious cruelty. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". Henry VIII helped provide good marriages or religious offices for Margarets sons, and a good marriage for her daughter as well. Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. Please include name, address and a telephone number. Illustrated statistics ; Map ; Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1 . Abstract. But three years into his reign, the young Henry VIII restored her to the greater part of her revenues and gave her back a family title, creating her Countess of Salisbury in her own right. Nevertheless, she was taken from her cell to the place within the precincts of the Tower of London where a low wooden block had been prepared instead of the customary scaffold.[5]. Henry was wise enough to state his case and let it go, for a little while at least. It was five years after the likely date of Margarets marriage that her first son was born. In 1886, Margaret would be beatified by Pope Leo XIII as a martyr to Henrys regime. International Margaret Pole, or Margaret Plantagenet, was the daughter of the Duke of Clarence, brother of two Plantagenet kings: Edward IV and Richard III, and his wife Lady Isabella Neville, daughter of "Warwick the Kingmaker". BORN: 1473. Two written eyewitness reports survived her execution: one by Marillac, the French ambassador, and the other by Chapuys, ambassador to the Holy Roman Emperor. at, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March (conflation of, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:21. In 1504, More was elected to Parliament and one of his first acts was to oppose Henry VIIs request of a grant of three-fifteenths. When he later built his Great House in Chelsea, its rooms were specifically designed to encourage quiet study and prayer. Susan Higginbotham. Mores wife had been like most women of her time ill-educated, and during their brief marriage, he taught her Latin and other subjects. Henry VIII was a Catholic ruler, and enjoyed friendly relations with the papacy until he sought to divorce Katharine. His work at Bruges and, later, Calais, as well as his continuing duties as undersheriff in London, were clear evidence of his skill and popularity. In some versions, the plucky old girl refused to kneel at the block, and the headsman had to pin her down. Birth City: London, England. It was unlawful before man and God and thus void. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. And so he was. In 1485, he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Bosworth by Henry Tudor, who succeeded him as Henry VII. He was Dean of Exeter and Wimborne Minster, Dorset, as well as a canon of York. After Richard was killed, Margaret came to court under the new regime, and in September 1486 she attended the christening of Arthur, the first Tudor prince. Her father, already Duke of Clarence, was then created Earl of Salisbury and of Warwick. The danger the Tudors saw lay not in the present disposition of the Pole family who vehemently protested their loyalty but in their claim to the throne, and in Reginalds actions while he was out of the jurisdiction. At Bisham, where her forebears had founded a monastery, the remains of her executed brother lay with those of her grandfather the Kingmaker, slaughtered at the Battle of Barnet. He was sentenced to a traitors death to be drawn, hanged, and quartered but the king changed it to beheading. ODNB, which argues that the restoration was a tacit admission of her brother's innocence; however, lands and titles had been restored to the heirs of guilty peers during the previous century. She was sentenced to death, to be executed at the king's will. You may not of heard of Margaret Pole so I will fill you in because her death was quite brutal and makes an interesting read, (if you like the darker side of the Tudors). And when the English clergy were forced to acknowledge Henry as the supreme head of their church, More attempted to resign his office. Her first son, Henry Pole, was created Baron Montagu, another of the Neville titles, speaking for the family in the House of Lords. Margaret would have had a claim to the Earldom of Warwick, but the earldom was forfeited on the attainder of her brother Edward.[4]. EXECUTED: 27 MAY 1541. She was a devout and learned young woman, and though we primarily know her as the older wife who could not bear Henry his desired son and heir, she was once young and pretty and well-liked. But he himself did not sign the letter in which most of Englands nobles and prelates petitioned the pope to declare the marriage unlawful. Arthur Pole suffered a setback when his patron Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was convicted of treason in 1521, but he was soon restored to favour. Cromwell was an astute politician whose beliefs changed at the whim of his royal master. It mattered to London shopkeepers, and to great churchmen. (Scientists aren't absolutely sure that people register no pain when the head is removed or that they lose consciousness instantaneously.)
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