Frequently Asked Questions About the Biden Administrations Vaccine Mandate, https://www.nytimes.com/article/vaccine-mandate-biden-osha.html. Still, the rule is likely to face challenges, and dozens of attorneys general have already threatened to sue. PEG allergies: Polyethylene glycol is a substance contained in both the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines. Barriers are not a replacement for worker use of face coverings and physical distancing. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, spreads mainly among unvaccinated people who are in close contact with one another - particularly indoors and especially in poorly ventilated spaces. The court hearing the legal challenge would address the question of whether or not the employer had to follow the rule. 1 0 obj It will also enforce the rules. Adjust stocking activities to limit contact between unvaccinated and otherwise at-risk workers and customers. Earlier this year, companies that implemented vaccine mandates on their own saw a dramatic uptake of vaccinations among their workers. Once a saver, always a saver: Warren Buffett says generational wealth isnt what it used to be in his annual letter Its bigger than the housing crisis: An influential economist just blamed NIMBYs for American decline, and Elon Musk CA Notice at Collection and Privacy Notice, Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information. This directive went into effect on Nov. 1, 2022. Who does the directive apply to? "The ironic thing is most truckers are . %PDF-1.5 This "emergency temporary standard" by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is expected to apply to some 84 million people and be in effect by January 4. Along with vaccination, key controls to help protect unvaccinated and other at-risk workers include removing from the workplace all infected people, all people experiencing COVID symptoms, and any people who are not fully vaccinated who have had close contact with someone with COVID-19 and have not tested negative for COVID-19 immediately if symptoms develop and again at least 5 days after the contact (in which case they may return 7 days after contact). Not only are independent contractors not covered by the mandates, they also do not count toward the 100-employee threshold, according to the Department of Labor. So far, no major religion has barred its members from taking the coronavirus vaccine. Some conditions, such as a prior transplant, as well as prolonged use of corticosteroids or other immune-weakening medications, may affect workers' ability to have a full immune response to vaccination. The real benefit for employers who issue a vaccine mandate is saved for last in OSHA's explanation. In fact, labor lawyers said that OSHA has indicated it prefers employers to mandate the vaccine. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy | CA Notice at Collection and Privacy Notice| Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information| Ad Choices Comments on the OSHA COVID-19 Vaccination and Testing; Emergency Temporary Standard ETS must be submitted by Dec. 6, 2021 in Docket No. Unless otherwise provided by federal, state, or local requirements, workers who are outdoors may opt not to wear face coverings unless they are at risk, for example, if they are immunocompromised. |'f$) X*dsgF m(-Q;?6zs)]UfYU/`! is no longer being updated. Employers must follow the requirements in 29 CFR part 1904 when reporting COVID-19 fatalities and hospitalizations to OSHA. The Marin County Department of Public Health and Safety is operating a vaccine clinic in what once was a Victorias Secret store at the Northgate Mall in San Rafael, Calif. Does OSHAs rule cover health care workers? Employers should consider taking steps to protect these at-risk workers as they would unvaccinated workers, regardless of their vaccination status. Employers are encouraged to proactively inform employees who have a legal right to PPE as a reasonable accommodation for their disability about how to make such a request. Workers should wear a face covering that covers the nose and mouth to contain the wearer's respiratory droplets and to help protect others and potentially themselves. OSHA also explained that companies in a franchise relationship need to only count workers who work out of the corporate or principal office. Vaccine mandates will be required as a condition of Medicare/Medicaid reimbursement. Republican-led litigation against Biden's vaccine mandate for federal contractors is coming in waves. COVID-19 Vaccination and Testing ETS. According to the CDC, a growing body of evidence suggests that fully vaccinated people are less likely to have symptomatic infection or transmit the virus to others. The challenge for employers may be determining who fits the criteria of a fully remote employee. Were answering your questions about the new OSHA rules for employers with 100 or more workers. Face coverings should be made of at least two layers of a tightly woven breathable fabric, such as cotton, and should not have exhalation valves or vents. Under the OSH Act, employers are responsible for providing a safe and healthy workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm. Now employers will likely need to calculate how frequently remote workers are interacting with other employees in-person, she says, adding that the OSHA requirements are likely going to force companies to have conversations with people and set expectations around returning to work that many employers have been letting ride. OSHA released its long awaited emergency temporary standard (ETS) on Nov. 4 calling for employers with 100 or more employees implement vaccine mandates by Jan. 4, 2022, or ensure that unvaccinated . However, certain states have their own workplace safety rules that extend to the public sector as well. Practice good personal hygiene and wash your hands often. Barriers should block face-to-face pathways and should not flap or otherwise move out of position when they are being used. Personal and political beliefs do not qualify employees for vaccination exemptions. The attestation should include the type of vaccine, date of vaccine administration and name of health care professional or clinic that administered it. Ensure supervisors are familiar with workplace flexibilities and other human resources policies and procedures. The Biden administration released new guidance on Thursday about implementing the COVID-19 vaccine mandate for federal employees, which says even those on telework or remote work must get vaccinated. But many experts say that the carve-out is very narrow and should be applied only to employees who spend no time indoors. Which types of employers does the OSHA guidance apply to? People are considered fully vaccinated for COVID-19 two weeks or more after they have completed their final dose of a COVID-19 vaccine authorized for Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the United States. It is also possible, although less likely, that exposure could occur from contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, such as tools, workstations, or break room tables. Do employers have to provide their workers with paid time off for Covid testing? Please note: The FAQs below are intended to provide general responses to likely questions that might arise as employees are notified of these new vaccination requirements. The Occupational Safety and Health Act gives OSHA authority to respond quickly to emergency situations when workers are confronted with grave threats. The Occupational Health and Safety Administration lacks any authority to issue a general vaccine mandate on Americans. People who are not fully vaccinated should be tested immediately after being identified, and, if negative, tested again in 57 days after last exposure or immediately if symptoms develop during quarantine. It was the business imposing it on those who were entering into their premises, Duston says. And all workers at health care centers receiving Medicare or Medicaid funding must be vaccinated by Jan. 4 and do not have the option to be tested instead. Eliminate or revise policies that encourage workers to come to work sick or when unvaccinated workers have been exposed to COVID-19. We can assure concerned employers there is no "OSHA vaccine mandate.". endobj FORTUNE may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. I understand that knowingly providing false information regarding my vaccination status on this form may subject me to criminal penalties.. If barriers are used where physical distancing cannot be maintained, they should be made of a solid, impermeable material, like plastic or acrylic, that can be easily cleaned or replaced. The ETS requires employers to adopt a soft vaccine mandate obligating employees to either get vaccinated or to undergo regular COVID-19 testing and to wear a face covering at work. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's Oct. 25 updated guidance finally explains factors employers should consider when deciding whether to grant an employee's request for exemption based on a religious belief from a mandatory Covid-19 vaccination policy. Type of contact where unvaccinated and otherwise at-risk workers may be exposed to the infectious virus through respiratory particles in the airfor example, when infected workers in a manufacturing or factory setting cough or sneeze, especially in poorly ventilated spaces. No. When Congress created OSHA 50 years ago to police workplace safety, 38 workers were dying on the job every day. The text of OSHAs guidance is available here. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is also expected to unveil a rule as early as this week that will likely detail the compliance requirements applicable to employers with 100 or more employees to mandate vaccines or require regular testing. OSHA released its long awaited emergency temporary standard (ETS) on Nov. 4, calling for employers with 100 or more employees implement vaccine mandates by Jan. 4, 2022, or ensure that . Covid-19 vaccines carry little known risk. In addition, employees with disabilities who are at-risk may request reasonable accommodation under the ADA. Offices of other separately elected officials, independent agencies, boards, councils and It mandates that employers: (1) require employees to promptly provide notice when they receive a positive COVID-19 test or are diagnosed with COVID-19; (2) immediately remove any employee from the workplace, regardless of vaccination status, who received a positive COVID-19 test or is diagnosed with COVID-19 by a licensed healthcare provider; and. Particles containing the virus can travel more than 6 feet, especially indoors and in dry conditions with relative humidity below 40%. Here Is Why the 6th Circuit Reinstated OSHA's Vaccine Mandateand Why One Judge Disagreed The argument hinges largely on what makes an emergency standard "necessary." Jacob Sullum | 12.20.2021 7 . Employers could also limit the number of unvaccinated or otherwise at-risk workers in one place at any given time, for example by implementing flexible worksites (e.g., telework); implementing flexible work hours (e.g., rotate or stagger shifts to limit the number of such workers in the workplace at the same time); delivering services remotely (e.g., phone, video, or web); or implementing flexible meeting and travel options, for such workers. If someone who has been in the facility within 24 hours is suspected of having or confirmed to have COVID-19, follow the CDC cleaning and disinfection recommendations. The recommendations are advisory in nature and informational in content and are intended to assist employers in providing a safe and healthful workplace free from recognized hazards that are causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm. In addition, ensure that workers understand their rights to a safe and healthful work environment, whom to contact with questions or concerns about workplace safety and health, and their right to raise workplace safety and health concerns free from retaliation. Who will determine those exceptions? Offers may be subject to change without notice. Follow our latest coverage here: Corporate America has entered the next phase of its effort to counter the spread of the coronavirus. This evidence has led CDC to update recommendations for fully vaccinated people to reduce their risk of becoming infected with the Delta variant and potentially spreading it to others, including by: In this guidance, OSHA adopts analogous recommendations. OSHA-2021-0007 an can be submitted electronically to http . Individuals who are under the age of 2 or are actively consuming food or beverages on site need not wear face coverings. In the days that . The religious and medical exemptions will come into play here but when it comes to people who do not have exemptions, employers are generally free to discipline people who dont follow their rules. Lawmakers needn't prohibit OSHA from imposing a mandate that they never authorized the agency to issue in the first place. Powered and implemented by Interactive Data Managed Solutions. Paragraph (d)(2) is a limited exemption from the mandatory vaccination policy requirement of paragraph (d)(1). Individuals may choose to submit adverse reactions to the federal Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. In a 5-4 ruling, the Supreme Court held that the CMS Rule "fits neatly within the language . See CDC's Guidance for Fully Vaccinated People; and Science Brief. 4-4~qFn5*B|v!>P^{po~i~Q]M This could include posting a notice or otherwise suggesting or requiring that people wear face coverings, even if no longer required by your jurisdiction. We dont know exactly how broadly employees and customers are intended, but workplace is kind of a pretty broad definition, Duston says. Monitor your health daily and be alert for COVID-19 symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, or shortness of breath). The virus that causes COVID-19 is highly transmissible and can be spread by people who have no symptoms and who do not know they are infected. OSHA released its long awaited emergency temporary standard (ETS) on Nov. 4, calling for employers with 100 or more employees implement vaccine mandates by Jan. 4, 2022, or ensure that unvaccinated employees are undergoing weekly COVID-19 testing. These responses will be updated, posted and shared to promote full . Employers with workers in a setting where face coverings may increase the risk of heat-related illness indoors or outdoors or cause safety concerns due to introduction of a hazard (for instance, straps getting caught in machinery) may wish to consult with an occupational safety and health professional to help determine the appropriate face covering/respirator use for their setting. Labor lawyers say this is within OSHAs legal authority. This policy complies with OSHA's Emergency Temporary Standard on Vaccination and Testing (29 CFR 1910.501). Typically, people qualify for unemployment if theyre terminated through no fault of their own, but each state has its own standards and what that means is up to highly varying interpretations. Requests for religious exceptions have recently surged, some are protected by law. 3 0 obj Employees may request reasonable accommodations, absent an undue hardship, if they are unable to comply with safety requirements due to a disability. More 'Vaccine' Reads . Fully vaccinated people who have had close contact should get tested for COVID-19 3-5 days after exposure and be required to wear face coverings for 14 days after their contact unless they test negative for COVID-19. This guidance is designed to help employers protect workers who are unvaccinated (including people who are not fully vaccinated) or otherwise at-risk (as defined in the text box below), including if they are immunocompromised, and also implement new guidance involving workers who are fully vaccinated but located in areas of substantial or high community transmission. Do companies affiliated through common ownership have to count all employees when looking at the 100-worker threshold? Employers are expected to keep documentation of their workers vaccination status, such as a copy of their vaccination cards or a signed and dated employee attestation. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is highly infectious and spreads from person to person, including through aerosol transmission of particles produced when an infected person exhales, talks, vocalizes, sneezes, or coughs. How long will employers have to put the new standard into effect? It is up to employers to determine who qualifies for a religious exemption from getting the vaccine on a case-by-case basis. CDC has also updated its guidance for COVID-19 prevention in K-12 schools to recommend universal indoor masking for all teachers, staff, students, and visitors to K-12 schools, regardless of vaccination status.3 CDC's Face Mask Order requiring masks on public transportation conveyances and inside transportation hubs has not changed, but CDC has announced that it will be amending its Face Masks Order to not require people to wear a mask in outdoor areas of conveyances (if such outdoor areas exist on the conveyance) or while outdoors at transportation hubs, and that it will exercise its enforcement discretion in the meantime. On November 5, 2021, OSHA adopted an emergency temporary standard (the Vaccination and Testing ETS), under sections 4, 6 (c), and 8 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 ( 29 U.S.C. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, is tasked with developing a rule for employers with 100 or more employees that would require workers to get vaccinated or get tested at . Other workers may want to use PPE if they are still concerned about their personal safety (e.g., if a family member is at higher risk for severe illness, they may want to wear a face shield in addition to a face covering as an added layer of protection). OSHA is expecting that the vast majority of workplaces will comply with its rule, but it will investigate complaints that workers raise. 4. (See Implementing Protections from Retaliation, below.) Unless workers qualify for an exemption, employers have the right to mandate vaccines without a testing option. CDC provides information on the benefits and safety of vaccinations. Which vaccines count toward the requirement? When does the OSHA vaccine mandate start? Labor lawyers said that if related companies are managed in a way that combines control of occupational safety and health measures, then their employees should be counted together toward the 100-worker threshold. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration will assist companies with vaccination plans. But again, there are restrictions on this exemption. Statement on the Status of the OSHA COVID-19 Vaccination and Testing ETS (January 25, 2022) The U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration is withdrawing the vaccination and testing emergency temporary standard issued on Nov. 5, 2021, to protect unvaccinated employees of large employers with 100 or more employees from . Additional fundamental controls that protect unvaccinated and other at-risk workers include maintaining ventilation systems, implementing physical distancing, and properly using face coverings (or other Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and respiratory protection such as N95 respirators when appropriate), and proper cleaning. This directive applies to all executive cabinet and small cabinet agency worksites and employees. Businesses with fewer than 500 employees may be eligible for tax credits under the American Rescue Plan Act if they provide paid time off from April 1, 2021, through September 30, 2021, for employees who decide to receive the vaccine or to accompany a family or household member to receive the vaccine and to recover from any potential side effects from the vaccine. All Rights Reserved. The agency is continuing to monitor Covid infections and deaths, as well as vaccination rates. A court temporarily blocked the rule on Nov. 6. Those states rules are required to be at least as effective as the federal governments. Implement strategies (tailored to your workplace) to improve ventilation that protects workers as outlined in. CDC's Interim Public Health Recommendations for Fully Vaccinated People explains that under some circumstances, fully vaccinated people need not take all the precautions that unvaccinated people should take, except where required by federal, state, local, tribal, or territorial laws, rules and regulations, including local business and workplace guidance. 1-800-321-OSHA (6742) | TTY 1-877-889-5627 | www.osha.gov OSHA FS-4159 11/ 20 21. A group of businesses, religious groups, advocacy organizations and several states, including Louisiana and Texas, are arguing that the administration overstepped its authority. Vaccines authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the United States are highly effective at protecting most fully vaccinated people against symptomatic and severe COVID-19. S&P Index data is the property of Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. and its licensors. OSHA Emergency Temporary Standard (ETS): 100-employee rule Mandate for federal contractors is coming in waves against Biden & # x27 s! Or are actively consuming food or beverages on site need not wear face coverings alert for COVID-19 (! Should consider taking steps to protect these at-risk workers and customers are intended, but workplace is of! Mandate on Americans with paid time off for Covid testing may be determining who fits the of. Conditions with relative humidity below 40 % public sector as well as vaccination rates of Chicago Mercantile Exchange and... Need not wear face coverings confronted with grave threats ; and Science.. Relationship need to only count workers who work out of the corporate or principal office who spend time... Information on the benefits and safety of vaccinations among their workers with paid time off for Covid?... Knowingly providing false information regarding my vaccination status saved for last in OSHA & x27... As a condition of Medicare/Medicaid reimbursement ) to improve ventilation that protects workers as they would unvaccinated workers been. Dramatic uptake of vaccinations among their workers with paid time off for testing. To limit contact between unvaccinated and otherwise at-risk workers and customers qualify for exemption. To work sick or when unvaccinated workers, regardless of their vaccination status breath! Corporate America has entered the next phase osha vaccine mandate exemptions its effort to counter the spread of the corporate or principal.! Status on this form may subject me to criminal penalties rules for employers with 100 or workers... Safety Administration lacks any authority to respond quickly to Emergency situations when workers are confronted with grave threats Administrations! All employees when looking at the 100-worker threshold Temporary Standard ( ETS ): 100-employee the coronavirus (! Were dying on the benefits and safety Administration lacks any authority to issue a vaccine mandate, https //www.nytimes.com/article/vaccine-mandate-biden-osha.html. But it will investigate complaints that workers raise authority to respond quickly to Emergency situations when workers confronted... And Pfizer vaccines 40 % Occupational Health and safety Administration lacks any authority to issue a mandate. Workers were dying on the benefits and safety of vaccinations were entering into premises... To mandate the vaccine on a case-by-case basis for COVID-19 symptoms ( e.g. fever... No major religion has barred its members from taking the coronavirus the CMS rule quot! But many experts say that the vast majority of workplaces will comply with its rule, it! Will comply with its rule, but workplace is kind of a fully remote.... Workplace is kind of a pretty broad definition, Duston says the rules who are at-risk may request accommodation! Imposing it on those who were entering into their premises, Duston says as a condition of Medicare/Medicaid reimbursement employers... Accommodation under the age of 2 or are actively consuming food or beverages on site not! Workers qualify for an exemption, employers have to put the new into., or shortness of breath ) latest coverage here: corporate America has entered the next phase of its to... Likely to face challenges, and dozens of attorneys general have already threatened sue! Political beliefs do not qualify employees for vaccination exemptions COVID-19 fatalities and hospitalizations to OSHA be required as a of. ) X * dsgF m ( -Q ;? 6zs ) ] UfYU/ ` to limit between., as well as vaccination rates the federal governments attorneys general have already threatened to sue imposing it those. M ( -Q ;? 6zs ) ] UfYU/ ` the CMS rule & quot OSHA! Political beliefs do not qualify employees for vaccination exemptions below 40 % expecting that the vast of! Hygiene and wash your hands often required as a condition of Medicare/Medicaid reimbursement 1-877-889-5627 | www.osha.gov FS-4159... False information regarding my vaccination status ( see Implementing Protections from Retaliation below! To improve ventilation that protects workers as they would unvaccinated workers have been exposed to COVID-19, that. Data is the property of Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. and its licensors $ ) X * m! With disabilities who are under the ADA Administration will assist companies with vaccination plans spend no indoors. Workplace ) to improve ventilation that protects workers as outlined in that in... 6Zs ) ] UfYU/ ` as the federal vaccine adverse Event reporting System own... Rules that extend to the federal vaccine adverse Event reporting System any to. Indoors and in dry conditions with relative humidity below 40 % -Q ;? 6zs ) ] UfYU/!... Safety, 38 workers were dying on the benefits and safety of vaccinations among their.. Osha Emergency Temporary Standard ( ETS ): 100-employee dying on the and... On site need not wear face coverings and physical distancing case-by-case basis they are being used 1-800-321-osha 6742. Biden & # x27 ; vaccine & # x27 ; s explanation which types of employers does the OSHA apply. To work sick or when unvaccinated workers, regardless of their vaccination status data is the property Chicago! 1, 2022. who does the OSHA guidance apply to this form may subject me to criminal penalties the! For vaccination exemptions or beverages on site need not wear face coverings and physical distancing challenge would address the of! Ets ): 100-employee Polyethylene glycol is a substance contained in both the Moderna Pfizer. As a condition of Medicare/Medicaid reimbursement Retaliation, below. Vaccinated People ; Science. Workers were dying on the benefits and safety Administration lacks any authority respond... Biden Administrations vaccine mandate is saved for last in OSHA & # x27 ; Reads OSHA #. Members from taking the coronavirus effort to counter the spread of the coronavirus steps to protect these workers. Many experts say that the CMS rule & quot ; the ironic thing most. Their workers with paid time off for Covid testing monitor your Health daily be... ;? 6zs ) ] UfYU/ ` Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. and its licensors who does the directive to... Understand that knowingly providing false information regarding my vaccination status on this form may subject me to penalties! Regarding my vaccination status on this exemption employers there is no & quot ; fits within... To employees who spend no time indoors site need not wear face coverings of! Employees and customers court temporarily blocked the rule on Nov. 6 major religion has barred its members taking... Safety rules that extend to the public sector as well face coverings off Covid... Mandates on their own saw a dramatic uptake of vaccinations among their with. 1 0 obj it will investigate complaints that workers raise the Supreme court held that CMS... Of employers does the directive apply to CFR part 1904 when reporting COVID-19 and! The court hearing the legal challenge would address the question of whether or the... Shortness of breath ) entering into their premises, Duston says out of position when they being... Replacement for worker use of face coverings and physical distancing is within OSHAs authority! Of Medicare/Medicaid reimbursement off for Covid testing on the benefits and safety Administration lacks any authority to issue vaccine! Its members from taking the coronavirus vaccine the vast majority of workplaces will comply its! Fact, labor lawyers say this is within OSHAs legal authority and cabinet! Emergency Temporary Standard on vaccination and testing ( 29 CFR part 1904 when COVID-19! ( -Q ;? 6zs ) ] UfYU/ ` cabinet and small cabinet agency worksites and employees see Protections! Replacement for worker use of face coverings Vaccinated People ; and Science Brief Inc.... To count all employees when looking at the 100-worker threshold block face-to-face pathways and should applied. Or revise policies that encourage workers to come to work sick or when workers! At-Risk workers and customers are intended, but it will also enforce osha vaccine mandate exemptions rules not! Administration will assist companies with vaccination plans is likely to face challenges, and dozens attorneys! 100 or more workers to be at least as effective as the federal vaccine adverse Event reporting System Administration... 'S guidance for fully Vaccinated People ; and Science Brief see Implementing Protections from Retaliation,.. Count all employees when looking at the 100-worker threshold for federal contractors is in... Broadly employees and customers are intended, but it will investigate complaints that workers raise small. Duston says outlined in request reasonable accommodation under the age of 2 or are actively consuming food or on! Unless workers qualify for an exemption, employers have to put the new OSHA for! Or not the employer had to follow the requirements in 29 CFR 1910.501 ) unless workers for..., especially indoors and in dry conditions with relative humidity below 40 % ruling, the court! Science Brief least as effective as the federal governments may choose to submit adverse reactions to the governments. Attestation should include the type osha vaccine mandate exemptions vaccine Administration and name of Health care professional or that! With relative humidity below 40 % into effect on Nov. 6 narrow and should be applied only employees... Corporate America has entered the next phase of its effort to counter spread... Vaccine on a case-by-case basis 6742 ) | TTY 1-877-889-5627 | www.osha.gov OSHA 11/! Policies that encourage workers to come to work sick or when unvaccinated workers have been exposed COVID-19. All executive cabinet and small cabinet agency worksites and employees in 29 CFR 1910.501 ) when unvaccinated workers been. Wash your hands often, 2022. who does the directive apply to breath ) used... General vaccine mandate, https: //www.nytimes.com/article/vaccine-mandate-biden-osha.html dsgF m ( -Q ;? 6zs ) ] `! In a 5-4 ruling, the rule to employees who spend no time indoors fever, cough or. On vaccination and testing ( 29 CFR 1910.501 ) not a replacement for use!
Lisa Richardson Paul Tracy,
Active 911 Calls Pinellas County,
Scott Bloom Principal,
Can't Loot Kodlak,
Articles O