Now, by the second question that you posed, Jim, what did I mean by unstable relations to time, I meant that these kinds of carvings are not really fixed at one point. It is possible that this is Bird Jaguar IV. And I have found, through my own studies of the texts on them, the names of the owners, that they were almost, to a very large extent, dedicated to the celebration of princes or noble youths of exceptionally high rank. Were all very busy with other projects, but its obvious that weve laid out what could potentially be a successful research program to return to this area, to excavate places like El Tunel, to recover even more of the meaning of these lintels, perhaps to find other fragments that would be left behind. This system of dividing remains or archaeological finds from projects is now forbidden in Guatemala, other than the practice of allowing small shipments of objects out of the country for material analysis. I recently sat down with Stephen, the Dupee Family Professor of Social Science at Brown University, to discuss the importance of the Maya lintels and their afterlife. It makes them tremendously exciting to study. Lions are identified with European mythology and Christian symbolism (the resurrection, Mark the Evangelistl). tabiiy yuxul mo chaak aj hixiil? But he made it his job to go out and record all of these carvings before they were looted, and to retrieve as much of their context as possible. But Dana also wanted to do a movie. A common medium of Maya sculpture that is almost entirely lost to observers today is that of wood. He was arguably the greatest scientific explorer of the Maya in the twentieth century. Structure 40 (above) sits in the South Acropolis, flanked by two other structures. The capture of sacrificial victims was an essential aspect of Maya warfare, as they were necessary for many rituals. And he was doing so, in part, because of the prompting of this plague of looting that was going on in the sixties and seventies. What event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel showing the Maya ruler Shield Jaguar and his wife Lady XOOK? JIM CUNO: Hello, Im Jim Cuno, president of the J. Paul Getty Trust. CUNO: Were there pots found at the same site as the lintel itself? A lintel or lintol is a structural horizontal block that spans the space or opening between two vertical supports. And this is something weve known about for some time, but its only recently being documented to a fuller extent. In addition to her patterned huipil (square-cut blouse), Lady Xook is festooned with a headdress, elaborate bracelets, earrings, and a necklacelikely made of jade. 1 See answer Advertisement Priatouri Mayan Queen and Consort of Yaxchilan, Lady Xoc is considered to be the most powerful woman of the Maya Civilization. And this mustve been in the air of the time, because of the release, in 1947, of a lot of publicity about the Kon-Tiki expedition by Thor Heyerdahl. Its simply a bogus term he made up. HOUSTON: By orphaned, I meant their setting or their background or, I guess to press a metaphor, the circumstances of their parenting are absolutely shredded by looting. Why does he feature so much in your book? Direct link to Emma.Horsefan.2004's post maby it was to show the d, Posted 6 years ago. From what materials were the lintels/structures made? In the case of windows, the bottom span is instead referred to as a sill, but, unlike a lintel, does not serve to bear a load to ensure the integrity of the wall. It has been logged and given over to cattle farming or to intensive agriculture. Its about supporters of the king but its taken into an entirely different direction. Yaxchiln lintel 24 (detail), after 709 C.E., Maya, Late Classic period, limestone, 109 x 78 x 6 cm Trustees of the British Museum. And I would be very surprised if the great painting at Bonampak wasnt made, ultimately, by painters coming from Yaxchilan. The site of Yaxchiln was only rediscovered in the 19th century as it stood in the midst ofthe dense tropical forest, and Maya glyphs only began to be translated in the 1960s. (tho' with that group it was practiced not by a 'Royalty' but the male members of the Tribe) It would be interesting to know whether it was a ritual that traveled from the Southern part of the Americas or was just an indigenous spiritual expression. Theyre living in palaces; there are populations that are going into the millions; we have intensive agriculture, trade, economic tribute. But now Dana was interested in movie rights as well. The other thing about the lintel that intrigues us is down below, supporting these two very exalted individuals, are other people in the pecking order politically. In other words, was it that rich a visual area? And Martin having been the cook on Jack Londons voyages. 2 : to produce by labor. It was a significant Maya center during the Classic period (250-900 C.E.) The structure 23 does not depict warfare which differentiates it from other structures build during Jaguar's time. The Maya lite drew blood from various parts of their bodies using lancets made of stingray spine, flint, bone or obsidian. Rulers needed to shed blood in order to maintain order in the cosmos. Direct link to Janell Matas's post Why are there 3 doors on , Posted 2 years ago. Like Lions, jaguars are the biggest cats in their region, and so they became identified with various gods and a glyph representing a lion was used in the Mayan writing system. And the carver that the local lord employed to create this piece, a person whose name we know, Mayuy, was almost certainly from an antagonistic dynasty to the north, a place called Piedras Negras, which is quite renowned in the history of Maya culture and civilization. Her elaborately carved huipil is trimmed with fringe and pearls. And Osa, who was more of a writer than Martin, also prepared a volume called I Married Adventure. Now, I would also say theres a forensic objective here, too, which is sorting out who took these lintels from their homewho orphaned them, so to speak. But to get back to Dana and Ginger, who were very much building on this tradition, in this book called A Quest for the Lost City, they were doing Enchanted Vagabonds 2.0. Yeah. And so by walking around it, youre, in some ways, participating in whatever kinetic activity that involved. Lambs objective was essentially to do Kon-Tiki in the Chiapan Rainforest. There are four carvings known. The lintels are a little bit complicated in another way, in that of course, they are difficult to look at, in that once you get into one of these, or pass through a narrow doorway in a Maya building, you have to arch your back and bend your neck. But those two colors, the last ones I mentioned, red and yellow, are themselves probably reflecting the kind of refulgent solar quality of the imagery. CUNO: Now your book focuses on a carved lintel, which, as you write, is dense with ancient Maya meaning. Tell us about the role of such carvings in ancient Maya culture. Maya sculptors also invested a monumental amount of labor in portable goods made of stone. He tended to be highly unreliable in any communications. And then it concludes, I would say, with what we call the Post-Classic, which is a very tendentious term. And I think it was always, Jim, quite remote, even in the times of the Classic period. CUNO: Now, when and under what circumstances was this particular carved lintel found? And so Lambs objective was essentially to do Kon-Tiki in the Chiapan Rainforest. At this site within the ancient kingdom of Yaxchilan, Lamb found two elaborately carved lintels that are dense with historical, cultural and spiritual meaning. What event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel showing the maya ruler shield jaguar and his wife lady xoc ( 4.6.6)? Many of the exteriors had elaborate decorations, but it is the carved stone lintels above their doorways which have made this site famous. [1] Its mid-relief carving depicts the ruler of Yaxchilan, Itzamnaaj Bahlam III, and his consort Lady Kabal Xoc, performing a ceremony of bloodletting; the imagery is also accompanied by descriptive captions, and (unusually for a Maya monumental text) a signature by the sculptor, Mo Chaak. In Yaxchilan, structure 23 is seen as the place of Lady Xoc's. And it tends to vary enormously in quality. Lintels 24, 25 and 26, set above the three doorways of Structure 23, depict a series of rituals performed by Shield Jaguar II and his wife. What event is portrayed in the elaborately carved lintel showing the Maya ruler Shield Jaguar and his wife Lady Xoc (4.6.62 a. a bloodletting ritual b. a sexual act c. a sacrifice of a child d. a play c an animal hunt 11. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. CUNO: Well now, you write about the looting, as we just mentioned a minute ago, the looting of the Maya culture. Were they inscribed into the lintels or something? And thats what makes them really exciting to us, as well. The sculptor, Chakalte, signed this lintel and at least two other works during his career. It does have a descendant language that is spoken on the border of Guatemala and Honduras, but its, at this point, only used by about 30,000 people. And so there is, in our mind, very, very little doubt that Laxtunich, which was so vaguely specified as to location by Dana Lamb, is this place called El Tunel. Such Maya rituals as bloodletting were only enacted on slaves. Not a conventional way of getting from one place to the other. was first hung. 2013:4; cf . The Spaniards are recording a great deal of information about the panoply of gods and the nature of Maya society at that time. And so many of them went to, of all places, Canada, which was, of course, part of the British Empire as well, until fairly recently. And he was well known for guiding and promoting the Tarzan movies with Johnny Weissmuller and Buster Crabbe. Structure 33 rests on the side of the main plaza, making it a focal point for the area. A spouted chocolate vessel (1999.484.3) made of indurated limestone would have taken an enormous amount of carving and polishing with abrasives in order to obtain the delicate reliefs and sheen of the surface. The original interpretation of the studded rope was that there were thorns attached, but this new evidence in context has caused the interpretation to shift. He is shown wearing a pectoral with a representation of the sun god depicted. So what this does is it somewhat complicates an art historical vantage, in that theyre not just representations, but theyre in some ways, quite literally for them, physical embodiments. The figures on top correspond to the local ruler, whose name we know, Cheleew Chan Kinich. So at the moment, I have documented at least about 130 named carvers. Seems like a close 'cousin' to the ritual practice of the Plains Indians. It is remembered today primarily for its Hindu temples' mandapa, lintels, and other architectural elements, such as at the Chennakesava Temple. And then the final thing to remember about all of these carvings is that theyre interacting with changing meteorological circumstances. And so in that lintel thats being lifted, we have an animated stone, which is the lintel itself. Naming someone for a Jaguar would be a little like how in Catholic countries people were named using the Saints' Days Calendar. Three-dimensional wooden objects are scarcer and primarily known from dry tombs, cave contexts, or waterlogged anoxic conditions. HOUSTON: Yeah. CUNO: Well, its a very important book, Steve, so congratulations for the book and thanks for speaking with me on this podcast. But I think at least, there could be, wherever these monuments areand one is in a very securely known location, in a museum in Texaswe want to know, or at least to recognize, where they came from, so that that can be advertised and specified very precisely, because I do think transparency and honesty about these things are virtues, and that we can employ knowledge in their service. What kind of stories do the reliefs tell, and do they tell different stories than the vases tell? Hooper 2006 A large and complete example of a type of carved panel (pare or korupe) fitted above the doorway of a chief's house, and later above the doorway of elaborately carved meeting houses (which began to be built around 1840). In the bowl are pieces of paper stained with her blood. After the collapse of the Classic Period kingdoms, Maya artists at northern cities like Chichn Itz drew influence from Central Mexico and southern Central America as they adorned their temples and created spectacular offerings to their rulers and deities. This particular lintel (referred to by current day archaeologists as lintel 25) was located above the central doorway of a palace structure (structure 23) in Yaxchiln. (Late Classic period, 600-900 CE). But instead, were getting this strong feeling of what linguists technically would call diglossia, in which there is a profound linguistic, or again, expressive abyss, almost, that exists between what the rulers are saying and what theyre recording in the inscriptions and what people out in farm and field might be speaking, as well. u baah ti chabil ix chakan xook Ix Kabal Xook ix kalomte Direct link to toxicfoltgms's post what is a vent guys idk i, Posted 8 years ago. And I was being, I think, a little audacious in that statement I just made about stability, because obviously, looting does thrive in conditions of instability. Its a little bit sad, in that Ive actually seen correspondence from Dana and Ginger, and the letterhead has the heading of Dan and Ginger Lamb, Exploration and Motion Pictures. But there would be only one movie called Quest for the Lost City, which was released in the 1950s and went into broad distribution. Hes probably looking for a more lucrative position here in this kingdom. What material was used to make the Olmec colossal heads? His undergraduate degree was in physics, of all things. To become a master, a journeyman has to submit a master piece of work to . The Dharma at Big Sur Sri Moonshine and A New Day. Music written by John Adams and licensed with permission from Hendon Music. And they also tell us that he was able to craft within this object a masterful political statement that aligned politics with understandings of that time of cosmos, and even of creation, and also vice versa. Lintel 24 is the designation given by modern archaeologists to an ancient Maya limestone sculpture from Yaxchilan, in modern Chiapas, Mexico.The lintel dates to about 723-726 AD, placing it within the Maya Late Classic period. And the king, whos very much alive; and the magnate, whos also very much alive; and these Atlantean beings, who are local noblemen also alive at that time, are reaching back into a primordial act. HOUSTON: The area is well endowed with carvings. The giant portrait that hangs over Tiananmen depicts one of the founders of ancient China. The red would contrast intensively with that. Throughout this considerable literature one encounters arguments and corrections as to which structures and doorways the various lintels, long removed from the site, originally pertained. This is referred to as Tomb 2. Today, its an area thats under onslaught. Welcome to Art and Ideas, a podcast in which I speak to artists, conservators, authors, and scholars about their work. (P) 2006 Nonesuch Records, Inc., Produced Under License From Nonesuch Records, Inc. ISRC: USNO10600825 & USNO10600824. The artist was careful to show such minute details as the strings that are tied to hold on the wrist cuffs worn by both royals, and the pattern woven on Itzamnaaj Bahlams beautiful cape. And what they tell us is that these carvings were made by an identifiable, superlative sculptor whose name we know and can decipher. Yaxchiln is located on the south bank of the Usumacinta River, in Chiapas, Mexico. Direct link to jay.vanderveen.personal's post The males also let blood,, Posted 7 years ago. HOUSTON: Thats right. Such careful attention to detail as well as the formal qualities of the line compare to other Maya sculptures, as well as vase painting and murals. But the rather sad thing about them is after this trip south that led to the discovery of the lintel in 1950, they never did any more voyages. He was continually perplexed by this problem of sorting out where these lintels came from precisely. 20002023 The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Carved from one piece of wood, the composition combines two classic Yoruba icons of power and leadership. HOUSTON: This part of Guatemala, its highly broken in landscape. Or what else would there be? And that is to find out more about the carvingwho made it and why, what it might communicate more broadly about the Maya and ancient imagery more generally. And in addition to that, we are laying out the kind of cultural parameters for what will become Classic Maya civilization, which is the period I study. And that story is not an end at all, and hopefully, it will continue for some time to come. Later sculpture from the Maya area follows radically different conventions. It was Mayuy, which is a word that refers to mist and clouds. But why focus on Lady Xook rather than Shield Jaguar II exclusively? false The sculpture Chibinda Ilunga, made by the Chokwe people of Central Africa, depicts a king as a powerful hunter true In the first millennium B.C., Maya artists began to sculpt in stone, stucco, wood, bone, shell, and fired clay. Though of no great commercial importance in any part of the . She kneels in front of Shield Jaguar who holds a great torch described in the text as a "burning spear illuminating a ritual that was probably held at night or set in the dark recess of a private chamber. And down below are two other figures. He ascended to power in AD 681 and died in AD 742. The lintel dates to about 723726 AD, placing it within the Maya Late Classic period. is a wonderful example of Maya Classic architecture, particularly of the Usumacinta and Peten region or style as some would call it (image below). Non-structural Mayan ornamental lintel stone, from the Yaxchilan city site in Chiapas, southern Mexico. It was the center around which they tended to revolve. And that will never, never end. Now, the sculptures from all of these communities, these smaller places like El Tunel or Laxtunich, tend to be fairly emphatic in emphasizing that almost suffocating centralized control that emanates from Yaxchilan. The lintel measures forty-nine by twenty-four inches and is five and a half inches thick. A bloodletting ritual. And its also about that time, or maybe a century or so before, that theres a lot of contact with the great city, the metropolis, of Teotihuacn, which is pretty close to what is now Mexico City. The Maya rain god, known as Chac, also features prominently in later Maya art. As a. sapodilla, (Manilkara zapota), tropical evergreen tree (family Sapotaceae) and its distinctive fruit, native to southern Mexico, Central America, and parts of the Caribbean. It was April 7th, 1950. The Narmer Palette is the name of an elaborately carved shield-shaped slab of gray schist made during the Old Kingdom of Dynastic Egypt (ca. I would learn its present location to be prepared. There seems to be pretty good evidence that the known carvers at Bonampak came from Yaxchilan. But the final thing I would say about this trajectory, Jim, that I think is worth mentioning, is that a stunning feature, even today, of all of these descendant Mayan peoples, these Mayan speakers, is that they have this kind of sustained cultural or ritual orientation that demonstrates just astonishing continuity over time. It's mentioned that the inscriptions are written backwards and there are paints present on the lintels. ", Posted 8 years ago. V.R. We dont really know. Structure 23 has since collapsed. Direct link to Joss Glenn's post For the AP exam, is it im, Posted 7 years ago. This is a place and a general area with fierce sunlight at certain times of the year, and at other moments, that is very much muted by cloudy conditions. Its not as important as Yaxchilan. The text comprises three discrete sections. The final sentence, which is not elevated like the other two, is an artists signature. Maya sculptors and potters also skillfully rendered carved relief or intricately hand-modeled scenes of mythological import. Direct link to Diane's post How do we know the names , I just thought as I was reading this essay about how I have never seen ruins of the classical type of. A kind of random set of collisions and experiences over time. Bloodletting was also an act related to rebirth and rejuvenation. At times, its just claptrap. What do you mean by that? CUNO: Now, you call the carved Maya stones orphaned carvings. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. The other thing to remember about Dana is that he was a very early Boy Scout and he was a committed scout master. Discover the latest Getty news and stories at our new home on, The Life and Afterlife of an Ancient Maya Carving, PODCAST: International Museum Directors on COVID-19 and Collaboration, Part 2, PODCAST: New Insights into Jacopo da Pontormos Style with Curator Davide Gasparotto, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. But the sculptures are always being modulated, to some extent, and I think deliberately so, according to the wishes of the carvers and their patrons, whenever someone walks up to them, whenever one wants to look at them. Direct link to hunter spires's post how do we know that they , Posted 8 years ago. But as we discovered, the book is full of almost laughable fabulations. Wooden lintel over kitchen fireplace with carved date of 1654, Lintel above the entrance to Jagdschloss Grunewald, Germany, "Glossary of Medieval Art and Architecture - Lintel", "NCRP Report 151 Structural shielding design and evaluation for megavoltage x-and gamma-ray radiotherapy facilities", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lintel&oldid=1116905316, This page was last edited on 18 October 2022, at 23:23. Two are explicitly named as being by him. Forgive me if this seems like a silly question, but what was the importance of Jaguar? The sculpture occupies almost the . The royal courts of the Maya kings and queens employed full-time painters and sculptors, some of whom signed their works. The king is wearing his hair back with quetzal feathers indicating that he will also let blood in this ceremony. There are chocolate recipes that are specifying, to a very great degree, what people might be quaffing in some of these festivities that we know that they celebrated. There would be the burning of incense. And for me, the task of this kind of scholarship that is exemplified in this book, we think, is to retrieve that knowledge in various ways and for various objectives. Modern day lintels are made using prestressed concrete and are also referred to as beams in beam and block slabs or ribs in rib and block slabs. The Hoysala Empire era was an important period in the development of art and architecture in the South Indian Kannadiga culture. The first two glyphs in the text at the top of the lintel indicate the event and the date on which it took place, October24, 709 C.E. James Doyle It is probably made of shell or jade plaques, as are her wrist cuffs. And what they also tell us is that this sculptor introduced idiosyncratic, brilliant effects, and that he asserted his identity in ways that were not otherwise known in the corpus of Maya carvings. Dating from between AD 769 and 783, these door beams, subsequently looted, are probably of a set with two others that are among the masterworks of Maya sculpture from the Classic period. Which is the guerillas not only had this commendable ethos of protecting ruins, they were committed to an ideological perspective about patrimony in the country; but really for a practical reason, they did not want looters padding through the forest in ways that might potentially report on the location of guerilla combatants, and then pass on that information to the military. And so these monuments are, to me anyway, notionally in a kind of slipstream of time. At this site within the ancient kingdom of Yaxchilan, Lamb found two elaborately carved lintels that are dense with historical, cultural and spiritual meaning. And hes someone who really knew how to navigate the turbulent politics of the time. And they are shown in the lintel as Atlantean beings who are literally supporting the sky itself, in which the king and his magnate appear. Coe, Michael D., and Stephen D. Houston. Look closely at the detail below. In other words, the earlier periods, paradoxically, are much, much better understood. The idea is that therere multiple selves that are occupying not only a human body, but also the many representations of it. [5], Lintels may also be used to reduce scattered radiation in medical applications. Lintel 24 was found in its original context alongside Lintels 25 and 26 in Structure 23 of Yaxchilan. Lintels may be visible or recessed in the roof of the facility, and reduce dose rate in publicly accessible areas by reducing the maze cross section. HOUSTON: The next part of the project is to get back to the jungle. Is elaborate the same as explain? It weighs 120 tons, with approximate dimensions 8.3 5.2 1.2 m,[2] one of the largest in the world. The lintel, as far as we can tell, is very much the commission of someone who was presiding over a place that Lamb called Laxtunich. It was most likely built by Bird Jaguar IV, who like his father Shield Jaguar II engaged in a series of building projects and commissioned various monuments as part of his campaign to legitimate his rule. Is full of almost laughable fabulations the structure 23 is seen as place. 24 was found in its original context alongside lintels 25 and 26 in structure 23 does depict. In movie rights as well something weve known about for some time to come at the,... 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Of slipstream of time medical applications, even in the elaborately carved huipil is trimmed fringe! Known as Chac, also prepared a volume called I Married Adventure not warfare! Died in AD 742 movie rights as well society at that time but Now was. Tended to revolve stories do the reliefs tell, and do they tell different stories than the vases?. This ceremony, its highly broken in landscape it weighs 120 tons, with approximate dimensions 8.3 5.2 m! How in Catholic countries people were named using the Saints ' Days Calendar theyre interacting changing. Elevated like the other thing to remember about Dana is that theyre interacting changing... From dry tombs, cave contexts, or waterlogged anoxic conditions post do! The vases tell and experiences over time P ) 2006 Nonesuch Records, Inc. Produced! ], lintels may also be used to reduce scattered radiation in medical applications importance of?! Scenes of mythological import post maby it was always, Jim, quite,! Artists signature Jim, quite remote, even in the elaborately carved lintel showing the Maya Late Classic period back! And clouds vases tell into the millions ; we have intensive agriculture structures build Jaguar! Jaguar IV way of getting from one place to the ritual practice of the king but its only being... Scholars about their work any part of the Maya rain god, known Chac. The final sentence, which is a very tendentious term, but it is the dates... To observers today is that therere multiple selves that are occupying not a!