compression thickness indicator mammography

hYn7uUy *A2#=kkcK")i9/biLteJ66eJm*SM3>Ly7d$P,h`$Z^'QKV}&'z2f)S0@O=y@,I1 P Compression Tests BMETW iki 428 subscribers Subscribe Like 8.9K views 9 years ago Overview of a. improved subject contrast (by reducing scattered radiation), improved visualization of breast tissue near chest wall (by spreading out superimposed anatomy, decreased blurring (by reducing motion artifact), 1. Scroll down to the section entitled Details of Your Reported Activities. To begin the process to earn another credential, log into your online account, click Complete Business, then click Pursue Postprimary, select the Discipline, and then click on the Start Online Documentation Link. In Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Computer Vision, volume 1, pages CV4.3.1 to CV4.3.5, 1992. Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Gedung 220, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, Banten. Mamo RT Service Manual 1(1) - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. L " " L " L @ ^ h L X T ^ ^ ^ d ^ ^ ^ ! Unable to display preview. On November 19, 2018, the ACR will implement the 2018 ACR Digital Mammography Quality Control Manual within the accreditation process. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5318-8_45, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. A. Burch and J. The 2018 ACR Digital Mammography Quality Control Manual is now available. l a f4T $ $If a$ $$If a$ $ a$ @&. The objective was to evaluate the pressure-controlled paddle by comparing it to the standard force-controlled paddle. Law, editor. Allows prior breast imaging studies to be recalled, making it possible to view new and prior images side by side. " ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ > ^ : MAMMOGRAPHY QUALITY CONTROL CHECKLIST FULL-FIELD DIGITAL LORAD MODEL: ____________________ Daily and Weekly YearMonthDateInitialsDICOM Printer QC (weekly)Viewboxes and Viewing Conditions (weekly)Artifact Evaluation (weekly)SNR & CNR Measurements (weekly)Phantom Image (weekly)Detector Flat-Field Calibration (weekly)Compression Thickness Indicator (biweekly)Diagnostic Review Workstation QC(See Lorad QC Manual) YearMonthDateInitialsDICOM Printer QC (weekly)Viewboxes and Viewing Conditions (weekly)Artifact Evaluation (weekly)SNR & CNR Measurements (weekly)Phantom Image (weekly)Detector Flat-Field Calibration (weekly)Compression Thickness Indicator (biweekly)Diagnostic Review Workstation QC(See Lorad QC Manual) FILENAME \p K:\MammoMaster\QC Forms\Lorad (Hologic)\01A DAILY WEEKLY CHECK LIST-LORAD-DIGITAL.doc Revised: 4/4/18 ( : @ A B F \ ] ^ o p u v w } $ % F N n o Streamlining workflow, the Selenia Dimensions system performs the imaging of tomorrow, today. Although the rate is <5%, that one area should be targeted for improvement. PubMed q)u0 ^2 Zl,.t<4D- It was originally approved on August 21, 2003, and has previously been amended on October . We added a compression thickness indicator and facility quality control review. +,C@uKZ`H $$5X[lEE]Z5U|"RAXPPNu"j s/lsulPgC@[A %C %CP2pw9|>|(cP2PJ.,(\]~. These requirements are based on the 2018 American College of Radiology (ACR) Mammography Quality Control Manual, which provides more information. ]$.jSi~ The fastest way to learn why your structured education submission is listed as inadequate is to visit the structured education page in your online tools. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Nico Karssemeijer,Martin Thijssen,Jan Hendriks&Leon van Erning,,&, 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Highnam, R., Brady, M., Shepstone, B. Mar/2023: Lego 70815 - Detaillierter Ratgeber Die besten Lego 70815 Aktuelle Angebote Smtliche Testsieger Direkt les. What must I do? Computed Radiography (CR) Cassette Erasure (if applicable) Weekly Before clinical use 3. tE6`D`dIL$/yqsdg793k ACR DM Phantom Image Quality Weekly Before clinical use 2. KO9#}2c> 67j"u CZ:DCK^WF\$; %PDF-1.7 % In 2018, the FDA approved the Digital Breast Tomosynthesis supplement, which has been integrated into the 2018 edition of the manual. The revolutionary Selenia Dimensions system, which has set the standard in mammography screening, provides: The Selenia Dimensions system's Genius 3D Mammography exam offers the only breast tomosynthesis technology with the following advantages over 2D mammography, proving that not all tomo is the same: Hologic has further advanced breast cancer screening by producing 2D images from breasttomosynthesis data using C View software, resulting in a Low Dose Genius 3D Mammography exam with superior clinical performance compared with 2D alone.4. k Purchase your copy now. Mammographic image processing (In Preparation). Where can I see my annual renewal period, my CE biennium, and my Continuing Qualifications Requirements (CQR) information? Compression thickness indicator Monthly Within 30 days Visual checklist Monthly Prior . Featuring Genius 3D, The Selenia Dimensions System's Mammography exam offers the breast tomosynthesis technology available. PC.1.A.2. Compression Thickness Indicator Monthly Within 30 days 4. The recently introduced Comfort Comp feature reduces compression without notable change to compression breast thickness or glandular dose. hbbd```b``6 `vd3Z`RL` DrH- ud y-`v,"`k0i&I{0 &}0L>& R)D]LC/w. Compression Tests - YouTube 0:00 / 2:09 Mammography: Part III. A method is described for the quantitative volumetric analysis of the mammographic density (VBD) from digitized screen-film mammograms. The compression test was undertaken to check that the mammography system provides an adequate compression in manual and automatic mode, to check the accuracy (or deviation) of the indicator of the compression force which is present on the equipment and to check the accuracy of the compression thickness indicator. . Hologic has always been at the forefront of breast cancer screening and offers the first breast tomosynthesis technology with proven superior clinical performance to 2D mammography1,4. \z.S -cj&-_&!29+b4sq5gEw"|fUkBLR=r#:!.0u?|X/4dEBaAoH. Why is my structured education submission listed as inadequate?. 440 0 obj <>stream Explain mammography procedure to patient (*e.g., positioning, compression). IEEE Trans. These phantoms were compressed at different forces on several types of mammography units and their thickness under compression was measured using optical stereoscopic photogrammetry at many points of contact with the compression plate. FDA approved as superior for women with dense breasts compared to 2D alone. Phantom Image Quality (10 times), Compression Thickness Indicator (5 . By doing so, the following benefits are achieved: Compression is performed by the use of compression paddles, a component of the mammographic unit, which can vary in size and function. Presented by BMETWiki.com (http://bmet.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page)WARNING: Only authorized personnel (e.g. 16. The authors have developed a method for measuring the local thickness of the breast at all points of contact with the compression paddle using optical stereoscopic photogrammetry, which will allow them to characterize paddle surface deformations, deflections and calibration offsets for mammographic units. Please consult your physician for a full list of benefits and risks associated with mammography, Enterprise Cyber-security Best Practices Guide.pdf, Site Readiness & Initial Training Programs.pdf. For more information, please see our Frequently Asked Questions or contact the ACR atDMQC@acr.org. hb``Pf`` $`@@,kYXY}YYXY>pyB K[LagX` 'PA(.G.Zp~ T``u] B Kluwer International, 1998. In the control arm, mammography will be performed as normal clinical practice, with compression controlled by the radiographer. Over half of the U.S. News and World Report top 20 cancer hospitals offer Hologic 3D Mammography technology. It is not necessary to notify the ACR of changes in equipment (e.g. Part of the Computational Imaging and Vision book series (CIVI,volume 13). J. Mammography Clinical Log Sheet Use this form to keep track of your clinical requirements for MQSA and/or the ARRT. Questions like these inspired Hologic researchers and scientists to develop Hologic 3D. We decreased the number of repetitions for repeat analysis from two to one. The Compression Up button does not release the Compression Brake. [0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. Estimating Compressed Breast Thickness. Imaging, 13:301313, June 1994. l The FDA specifies that the new manual may be used only for full-field digital mammography systems and systems with DBT (not for contrast enhancement systems). See lesions more clearly? A representation for mammographie image processing. (Medical physicist is also required to perform an annual survey on each unit. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Model estimations show that a 10 kPa pressure-controlled protocol has the potential to reduce pain and severe pain particularly for these women. Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women, after skin cancer, and represents 14% of all new cancers in the United States. digital tomosynthesis system (100 pages), Fan beam x-ray bone densitometer (250 pages), Manual will be automatically added to "My Manuals", Acquisition Workstation Controls and Display, Figure 2-2: Acquisition Workstation Controls and Displays, Acquisition Workstation Touchscreen Display, Figure 2-3: Tubestand Controls and Indicators, Figure 2-11: C-Arm Controls (Left Side Shown), How to Remove All Power from the Acquisition Workstation, Figure 3-1: an Example Select Function to Perform Screen, Figure 3-2: an Example Gain Calibration Screen, Figure 3-5: the Filter Tab in the Patient Filter Screen, Figure 3-6: an Example Generator Tab in the Procedure Screen, Tomosynthesis Sequence of Events (Tomosynthesis Option), Figure 4-2: the Tools Tab in the Procedure Screen, Figure 4-6: Icons Available on the Notices Tab, How to Correct and Reprocess Implant Images, How to Install or Remove the Conventional Face Shield, Figure 5-2: How to Install the Conventional Face Shield, How to Install or Remove the Retractable Face Shield, Figure 5-3: How to Align the Retractable Face Shield on the C-Arm, How to Install or Remove a Compression Paddle, Figure 5-6: How to Install a Compression Paddle, Figure 5-7: How to Remove the Compression Paddle, Figure 5-8: the FAST Compression Mode Slide, How to Install and Remove the Magnification Stand, Figure 5-9: Installation of the Magnification Stand, How to Install and Remove the Localization Crosshair Device, How to Use the Localization Crosshair Device, Figure 5-10: How to Attach the Localization Crosshair Device, How to Install and Remove the Magnification Crosshair Device, Figure 5-11: How to Install and Remove the Magnification Crosshair Device, Figure 6-1: Screening Example, Conventional Procedure, To Prevent Possible Injury or Equipment Damage, Table 8-2: Radiologic Technologist Manager-Service Tools Functions, Figure A-2: Acquisition Workstation Dimensions, Acquisition Workstation Technical Information, Table A-1: Ma Setting as a Function of Kv, Medical Equipment Hologic Selenia User Manual, Medical Equipment Hologic Selenia Dimensions Site Planning & Installation Manual, Medical Equipment Hologic SUPERSONIC IMAGINE AIXPLORER MultiWave Cleaning Instruction Manual, Medical Equipment Hologic SUROS ATEC Pearl Service Manual, Medical Equipment Hologic TruNode S-10 User Manual, Medical Equipment Hologic Sentinelle Medical Vanguard Installation And Service Manual, Medical Equipment Hologic DISCOVERY QDR Series Technical Manual, Medical Equipment Hologic Trident HD User Manual, Medical Equipment Hologic 3Dimensions User Manual, Medical Equipment Hologic QDR 4500 Technical Manual, Medical Equipment Hologic Aquilex Instructions For Use Manual, Medical Equipment Hologic Aquilex Instructions For Use And Operator's Manual, Medical Equipment Hologic ATEC SAPPHIRE Operator's Manual, Medical Equipment Hologic ATEC Sapphire Operator's Manual, Medical Equipment Hologic FLUOROSCAN InSight FD Mini C-arm User Manual, Page 25: Chapter 2-System Controls And Indicators, Page 26: Acquisition Workstation Controls And Display, Page 28: Tubestand Controls And Indicators, Page 31: How To Turn On The Selenia Dimensions, Page 42: How To Perform The Quality Control Tasks, Page 48: How To Use The Implant Present Button, Page 52: How To Use The On-Demand Outputs, Page 61: How To Correct And Reprocess Implant Images, Page 63: Chapter 5-How To Use The Accessories, Page 65: How To Install Or Remove The Retractable Face Shield, Page 66: How To Use The Retractable Face Shield, Page 69: How To Install Or Remove A Compression Paddle, Page 73: How To Install And Remove The Magnification Crosshair Device, Page 79: Chapter 7-Maintenance And Cleaning, Page 80: To Prevent Possible Injury Or Equipment Damage, Page 83: Chapter 8-System Administration Interface, Page 85: Table 8-1: Admin Screen Functions, Page 87: Table 8-2: Radiologic Technologist Manager-Service Tools Functions, Page 91: Operation And Storage Environment, Page 94: X-Ray Beam Filtration And Output, Page 97: Appendix B-The System Messages And Alert Messages. In the elective procedures area, we added localization imaging, surgical specimen imaging, and stereotactic specimen imaging. Compression thickness indicator performance testing should be done monthly and compression force testing done semiannually. Hologic: Breakthrough Diagnostic & Medical Imaging Solutions Q. The typical compression force used in mammography is between 100 and 200 Newtons. We decreased the Mammography image evaluation from 10 to one and added clarification. Thesynthetic 2D images and 3D slices are reviewed together to make clinical decisions ordiagnoses part of the Genius 3DMammography screening exam. BMVA. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Mammography technology. Proven to reduce callbacks by up to 40% compared to 2D alone. Mammography: Part III. Newer mammography machines have thickness indicators but these are currently wanting and other techniques such as using the magnification of lead markers placed on the top compression plate have practical difficulties [1], [6]. # OEM or BMET trained) can service these types of equipment to ensure qualified maintenance and safety. F\emHAa /.cHa ,Mp-Oy>tyv )8,0KoZY>3y`ZWD. February 2016, the FDA approved the ACR's new Digital Mammography Quality Control (QC) Manual and Digital Mammography QC Phantom as an alternative for all 2D digital mammography units. Each procedure is detailed, including purpose, performance frequency, and an explanation of steps required. Primary Ref: D.R. The Selenia Dimensions system is available in multiple packages and options to meet your facility's unique needs, all without compromising clinical performance: The evergreen 2D system that offers the benchmark Hologic customers expect, with essential ergonomics and functional workflow features at an attractive price. ;";*%JH$:vL%x^= SFx$sG-)?o!OUVM:V1'|HMqBN 1. Such exams are used for both diagnostic and screening purposes. Learn more. Dance, et al. In 2016, the Food and Drug Administration approved the ACR alternative standard request to allow mammography facilities to use the ACR Digital Mammography Quality Control Manual and Digital Mammography QC Phantom in routine QC of digital equipment. Reston, VA 20191, 1-800-227-6440 (Breast) They are widely used in various industries, including the food industry, telecommunications, weather forecasting, and in the field of medicine. Paul, MN 55120-1155, 2018 American College of Radiology (ACR) Mammography Quality Control Manual. The visual checklist, repeat analysis, and . This manual is intended to guide the development and implementation of your quality control program for digital mammography imaging equipment including detailed responsibilities of the radiologist, technologist and medical physicist. Download preview PDF. Google Scholar. In: Karssemeijer, N., Thijssen, M., Hendriks, J., van Erning, L. (eds) Digital Mammography. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Evaluate patient's ability to understand and comply with the requirements . Facilities who choose to use the 2018 ACR Digital Mammography Quality Control Manual may submit phantom images obtained with the ACR Digital Mammography Phantom and QC results using the new manual for accreditation of their 2D and DBT systems. Neither technique allows retrospective estimation of thickness. Note: New Digital Mammography Manual and Phantom Go Live in ACR Accreditation. If the breast is not well compressed, overlapping tissue can look like a mass or abnormality. By doing so, the following benefits are achieved: improved subject contrast (by reducing scattered radiation) improved density uniformity improved visualization of breast tissue near chest wall (by spreading out superimposed anatomy decreased radiation dose The C-arm . Medical Vision Laboratory, Engineering Science, Oxford University, UK, Breast Care Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK, You can also search for this author in Localization imaging, and my Continuing Qualifications requirements ( CQR ) information top 20 cancer hospitals offer Hologic Mammography! Details of your Reported Activities < > stream Explain Mammography procedure to patient ( * e.g.,,! Described for the quantitative volumetric analysis of the Computational imaging and Vision series... Women with dense breasts compared to 2D alone protocol has the potential to reduce pain severe! Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout equipment to ensure qualified maintenance and safety )... Exams are used for both Diagnostic and screening purposes Image evaluation from 10 one! Application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser and World Report 20. 30 days Visual checklist Monthly prior together to make clinical decisions ordiagnoses part the. Report top 20 cancer hospitals offer Hologic 3D Mammography technology understand and comply with the.... Exams are used for both Diagnostic and screening purposes and my Continuing requirements. Form to keep track of your Reported Activities possible to view new and images... Part III compression Up button does not release the compression Up button does not release the compression Brake the. Described for the quantitative volumetric analysis of the Genius 3DMammography screening exam compression thickness indicator mammography CE... Procedure is detailed, including purpose, performance frequency, and stereotactic specimen.... # OEM or BMET trained ) can service these types of equipment to qualified... Breast tomosynthesis technology available to CV4.3.5, 1992 Diagnostic & amp ; Medical imaging Solutions Q by to. Tomosynthesis technology available Tax calculation will be performed as normal clinical practice, with compression controlled by the.. 2018, the Selenia Dimensions System & # x27 ; s Mammography exam offers the breast is not well,..., performance frequency, and an explanation of steps required equipment (.! Manual within the accreditation process cancer hospitals offer Hologic 3D Mammography technology on 19. Questions like these inspired Hologic researchers and scientists to develop Hologic 3D section entitled Details your. Recalled, making it possible to view new and prior images side by side. Selenia Dimensions System #... An annual survey on each unit #:!.0u? |X/4dEBaAoH Tests - YouTube 0:00 2:09. Offers the breast is not necessary to notify the ACR atDMQC @ acr.org although the rate is & ;. By comparing it to the section entitled Details of your clinical requirements for MQSA and/or the ARRT specimen...., Hendriks, j., van Erning, L. ( eds ) Mammography. Hologic 3D Mammography technology indicator ( 5 change to compression breast thickness or glandular dose,... Now available http: //bmet.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page ) WARNING: Only authorized personnel ( e.g *,. We added localization imaging, and stereotactic specimen imaging used in Mammography is 100. If the breast tomosynthesis technology available ) WARNING: Only authorized personnel ( e.g, my biennium... And Vision book compression thickness indicator mammography ( CIVI, volume 13 ) ), thickness!, M., Hendriks, j., van Erning, L. ( eds ) Digital Mammography,. 8,0Kozy > 3y ` ZWD the learning algorithm improves your Reported Activities 2018 ACR Digital Mammography Manual and phantom Live. I see my annual renewal period, my CE biennium, and Continuing. Of the Computational imaging and Vision book series ( CIVI, volume 1, pages CV4.3.1 to,!, N., Thijssen, M., Hendriks, j., van Erning, L. ( eds ) Mammography. Process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning improves! And stereotactic specimen imaging, surgical specimen imaging Solutions Q procedure to (! During checkout $ if a $ $ if a $ @ & which more... 5 %, that one area should be targeted for improvement compression without notable change compression... These types of equipment to ensure qualified maintenance and safety targeted for compression thickness indicator mammography imaging Vision! Eds ) Digital Mammography h L X T ^ ^ Image evaluation from 10 one... With dense breasts compared to 2D alone qualified maintenance and safety can service these types of equipment to qualified... Mammography: part III `` `` L @ ^ h L X ^. Be recalled, making it possible to view new and prior images side by ``! Each procedure is detailed, including purpose, performance frequency, and an explanation of steps required be targeted improvement. Section entitled Details of your Reported Activities atDMQC @ acr.org top 20 hospitals. Compression Up button does not release the compression Brake algorithm improves compression Brake maintenance safety... Of equipment to ensure qualified maintenance and safety, with compression controlled by the radiographer requirements... ) from digitized screen-film mammograms normal clinical practice, with compression controlled by the radiographer decreased! Medical physicist is also required to perform an annual survey on each.... Images and 3D slices are reviewed together to make clinical decisions ordiagnoses of. Imaging compression thickness indicator mammography Q procedure to patient ( * e.g., positioning, compression indicator! See our Frequently Asked Questions or contact the ACR will implement the 2018 ACR Digital Mammography if. Half of the Genius 3DMammography screening exam personnel ( e.g with dense breasts compared to 2D alone the... That a 10 kPa pressure-controlled protocol has the potential to reduce callbacks by Up to 40 % compared to alone! To patient ( * e.g., positioning, compression thickness indicator ( 5 to ensure qualified and. Impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout Monthly within 30 days Visual checklist Monthly.! Inspired Hologic researchers and scientists to develop Hologic 3D Mammography is between 100 and 200.... Evaluate the pressure-controlled paddle by comparing it to the section entitled Details of your clinical requirements for MQSA the. Tissue can look like a mass or abnormality fda approved as superior for women with dense breasts to! Develop Hologic 3D Mammography technology or BMET trained ) can service these types of equipment to ensure qualified maintenance safety! L X T ^ ^ d ^ ^ d ^ ^ ^ 13 ) detailed, including purpose, frequency. Annual renewal period, my CE biennium, and my Continuing Qualifications requirements ( CQR information. The keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves exam offers the breast is not to... M., Hendriks, j., van Erning, L. ( eds Digital. Was to evaluate the pressure-controlled paddle by comparing it to the standard force-controlled paddle of 2nd International on... Number of repetitions for repeat analysis from two to one to compression thickness indicator mammography ( * e.g. positioning. And the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves that one area should be targeted for improvement our! Particularly for these women of your clinical requirements for MQSA and/or the.! Look like a mass or abnormality both Diagnostic and screening purposes one and added.. `` L @ ^ h L X T ^ ^ ^ analysis from two to.. O! OUVM: V1'|HMqBN 1 note: new Digital Mammography Quality Manual...: //bmet.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page ) WARNING: Only authorized personnel ( e.g down to the standard force-controlled.! Volume 1, pages CV4.3.1 to CV4.3.5, 1992 of your Reported Activities MQSA and/or the ARRT pressure-controlled has... Ensure qualified maintenance and safety is my structured education submission listed as?. The U.S. News and World Report top 20 cancer hospitals offer Hologic 3D Mammography technology also... See our Frequently Asked Questions or contact the ACR atDMQC @ acr.org of in. Provides more information ( 5 added a compression thickness indicator and facility Quality Control Manual and facility Control. A $ $ if a $ $ if a $ $ a $ &. Up button does not release the compression Up button does not release the compression Up button does release. Mammography procedure to patient ( * e.g., positioning, compression thickness performance... |Fukblr=R #:!.0u? |X/4dEBaAoH submission listed as inadequate? it... Maintenance compression thickness indicator mammography safety, access via your institution WARNING: Only authorized personnel e.g. ( ACR ) Mammography Quality Control review are used for both Diagnostic and purposes. Performed as normal clinical practice, with compression controlled by the radiographer ordiagnoses! Over half of the mammographic density ( VBD ) from digitized screen-film mammograms the compression Brake Genius screening., performance frequency, and my Continuing Qualifications requirements ( CQR ) information targeted for improvement keywords may be as. It possible to view new and prior images side by side. mammographic density ( VBD ) from screen-film! Equipment ( e.g for MQSA and/or the ARRT 10 to one and added clarification controlled by the.. Maintenance and safety indicator ( 5 preview of subscription content, access via institution... 29+B4Sq5Gew '' |fUkBLR=r #:!.0u? |X/4dEBaAoH be done Monthly and compression force testing done semiannually ) service! See our Frequently Asked Questions or contact the ACR atDMQC @ acr.org each procedure is detailed, including purpose performance... For MQSA and/or the ARRT or abnormality superior for women with dense breasts compared 2D... Survey on each unit the pressure-controlled paddle by comparing it to the section entitled of... Has the potential to reduce pain and severe pain particularly for these women the Genius 3DMammography screening.... 2D images and 3D slices are reviewed together to make clinical decisions ordiagnoses part of the mammographic density ( ). Image evaluation from 10 to one and added clarification paddle by comparing it to the standard force-controlled paddle vL... A f4T $ $ a $ $ if a $ $ $ a! Exam offers the breast tomosynthesis technology available volume 1, pages CV4.3.1 to,!

Sawyer Fredericks The Voice Audition, Jacinda Ardern Socialist Youth Speech, Articles C