The Noble Quran has many names including Al-Quran Al-Kareem, Al-Ketab, Al-Furqan, Al-Maw'itha, Al-Thikr, and Al-Noor. Also, how can they be proven to be accurate and how can they be trusted to purport what they say about the Island of Fire and the placing of the primeval mounds etc. His claws were like flints, and with. Was this German silver mine really defended by two Roman forts and a line of "spike defenses? Click to enlarge Like the outer hypostyle hall, this roofed courtyard also has 12 columns, though with a slightly different orientation. Although Edfu is most famous for its Ptolemaic temple , the citys history stretches much further back in time. Credit: Adobe Stock - Konstantin Edfu Texts Reliability? The world-famous Temple of Edfu pylon or monumental gateway. so that they might be able to wreck his boat and devour him. The barque would have also been used to transport the gods statue during the Festival of the Beautiful Meeting. Today, a modern replica of the barque can be found in the Sanctuary, which gives visitors a good idea of how it would have looked like. PLATE II. Considering that various Ptolemaic rulers were involved in the temples construction, the texts provide an insight into the political history and administration of the period. Abstract The paper is a new contribution to revealing the Afro-Asiatic heritage in the lexicon of the Angas-Sura group of Chadic languages by means of interbranch comparison using a.o. It is one of the most impressive sacred buildings in Egypt and . It consists of 65 columns of text in 8 panels, each introduced by an offering scene, lower register (above base) of the external face of the eastern enclosure wall, starting from the northern extremity (PM 6.167.337344 third register, plan p. 130). Practice texts for translation. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. One of the scenes in the relief depicts the Feast of the Beautiful Meeting, which was an annual fertility festival celebrating the reunion of Horus of Edfu and Hathor (his wife) of Dendera. Numbers in parentheses refer to the hieroglyphic text of Meeks 1972. Find out more about saving to your Kindle. The peristyle hall is followed by the hypostyle hall, which is a roofed courtyard. 2. Throughout the history of civilization, the concept of the apocalypse has been ever present, in one way or another. One of the most notable features of the peristyle hall is its festival relief, which is found on the inner walls of the pylon and continues along the bottom of the wall. In the passage separating the temple from the enclosure wall, engravings tell the great myths: that of the genesis of the temple, the Horus myth, the rite of net hunting, and the feast on the first day of the month called Tybi. The pylon is believed to have been completed later on, as the outstanding colossal reliefs on it depict Ptolemy XII. Although the Ptolemaic dynasty was nearing its end, the Temple of Edfu, when it was completed, was a remarkable monument. They were also the ones who began work on the Great Primeval Mound, planning out and erecting the mythical temple of the First Time. 3. Today we know the Edfu texts contain valuable knowledge about ancient Egypts religion, politics, and history from the oldest epochs of pharaonic history. edfu texts translation pdf. Nevertheless, the building of the temple continued. These include mastaba tombs from the Old Kingdom , and burials dating to the Middle Kingdom . The gateway rises to a height of 36 m (118 ft). . As Schoch and Bavual stated, there is an annoying tendency by Egyptologists to consider some ancient texts as mythical if they do not fit their paradigm, while embracing others as historicalif they do. 4. Now by some means or other Set came to life again, and he took the form of a mighty hissing or "roaring" serpent, and hid himself in the ground, in a place which was ever after called the "place of the roarer." Click to enlarge Horus driving his spear into the belly of the Hippopotamus-fiend as he lies on his back; behind stands on of his "Blacksmiths". As a consequence of its burial, the Temple of Edfu is one of the best-preserved temples in Egypt. Pharaonic temples in Upper Egypt from the Ptolemaic and Roman periods. The end of the great fight, however, was not yet. As a matter of fact, the Ptolemies were on the brink of losing their kingdom, as Egypt was absorbed by Rome in 30 BC, after the last Ptolemaic ruler, Cleopatra VII Philopator , was deposed by Octavian (the future Emperor Augustus). Closeup of the left side of Temple of Edfu pylon and its elaborate inscriptions. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2016. @kindle.com emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. the ancient Egypto-Semitic evidence. Published online by Cambridge University Press: "This book provides the first edition with an extensive introduction and full commentary of a unique land survey written on papyrus in Greek which derives from that area of southern (Upper) Egypt known as the Apollonopolite (or Edfu) nome and is now preserved in Copenhagen. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. One of the most notable features of the peristyle hall is its festival relief, which is found on the inner walls of the pylon and continues along the bottom of the wall. The Edfu Project is a long-term project that is devoted to a complete translation of the Edfu inscriptions that meets the requirement of both linguistics and literary studies., Today, the Temple of Edfu is a popular tourist attraction. Credit: Adobe Stock -olab214. This is due to the fact that the Ptolemies built a new temple on the site of the older one. Passing over the derivations of place-names which occur here in the text, we find that Horus and his Blacksmiths were again obliged to fight bodies of the enemy who had managed to escape, and that on one occasion they killed one hundred and six foes. The Temple of Edfu dedicated to the falcon god Horus, located on the west bank of the Nile in the city of Edfu, which was known in Greco-Roman times as Apollonopolis Magna after the chief god Horus-Apollo, was built in the Ptolemaic period between 237 and 57 BCE. The hieroglyphic text and some of the reliefs were published, together with an English translation, by Budge, Legends of the Gods (London, 1912), 52 ff. One battle took place at Tchetmet, and another at Denderah, and Horus was always victorious; the enemies were caught by chains thrown over them, and the deadly spears of the Blacksmiths drank their blood. Ashthertet ('Ashtoreth') driving her chariot over the prostrate foe. The pharaoh is shown holding his enemies by their hair and is about to strike them. The first reliable foundation for the study of the Edfu Texts was laid by another French Egyptologist, mile Chassinet, who not only copied the inscriptions on the temples walls, but also its reliefs. . I'm a huge fan of Grahams work and am utterly convinced by most of the evidence he provides. appearance of Faulkner's translation, Egyptology has made considerable. It became apparent to us that the texts at Edfu were copies of much older . (see the English translation p. 69 ff.). The building inscriptions, of which only a fragment is given in translation here, provide a basic chronological framework for the period 237 - 176, seen from the point of view of the Edfu temple. Incidentally, his epithet, Euergetes, means Benefactor. 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Privacy Policy. Then Set rose up and cursed Horus because he had slain his allies, and he used such foul language that Thoth called him "Nehaha-her," i.e., "Stinking Face," and this name clung to him ever after. A translation of the inscriptions of the pylon (gate) including transcriptions and a commentary was published in 1998 (Edfou VIII). Xenophon in Seven Volumes, 3. Edfu Temple. the Senior Ones who came into being at the beginning, who illuminated this land when they came forth unitedly. 3, In ancient myths and legends we often encounter the mention of seven sages. 'some major texts were published by various scholars (E. von Due to the temples simple plan, the Temple of Edfu is considered to be the finest classic example of an ancient Egyptian temple. Meanwhile rebellion had again broken out in Nubia, where about one-third of the enemy had taken refuge in the river in the forms of crocodiles and hippopotami. The Horus temple text have been published in their entirety, and the construction and descriptions of different sections of that temple were recorded in the dedication texts. 1. 1922. ; he gave a more recent translation in English in his From Fetish to God in Ancient Egypt Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! After this Isis appointed Horus of Behutet to be the protecting deity of her son Horus. Due to the temples simple plan, the Temple of Edfu is considered to be the finest classic example of an ancient Egyptian temple. Another army of enemies appeared by the North Lake, and they were marching towards the sea; but terror of Horus smote their hearts, and they fled and took refuge in Mertet-Ament, where they allied themselves with the followers of Set, the Arch-fiend and great Enemy of Ra. 22 September 2009. Written by- Ellen Lloyd AncientPages.com, Copyright AncientPages.comAll rights reserved. During his reign, which lasted from 246 to 222/1 BC, Ptolemy managed to reunite Egypt and Cyrenaica, and triumphed over the Seleucids during the Third Syrian War. This book listed the locations of sacred mounds along the Nile River as well as all the lesser mounds, or temples, along with the place where time began, the Great Primeval Mound. Gaeilge. In this hall is an altar, on which the daily offerings of fruit, flowers, wine, milk, and other foods were placed. Sandstone was procured from these quarries and transported all over Egypt for construction works. After passing through the pylon, one would arrive in the peristyle hall (known also as the Court of Offerings), which is an open courtyard. Although the study of the Edfu Texts began when Mariette was excavating the temple, the early publications were not very accurate, as a consequence of the poor working conditions at the time. 2500-332 b.c.). These include mastaba tombs from the Old Kingdom , and burials dating to the Middle Kingdom . and it is probable that the facts recorded in it are fragments of actual history, which the Egyptians of the late period tried to piece together in chronological order. The Hall of Offerings lead to the Sanctuary, which is the most sacred part of the temple. The Edfu Project is a "long-term project that is devoted to a complete translation of the Edfu inscriptions that meets the requirement of both linguistics and literary studies." Today, the Temple of Edfu is a popular tourist attraction. 173-236, and another by Wiedemann in his Die Religion, p. 38 ff. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. The result was eight volumes of hieroglyphic texts (a total of 3000 pages), two volumes of sketches, and four volumes of photographs. 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In this hall is an altar, on which the daily offerings of fruit, flowers, wine, milk, and other foods were placed. Here we look at and discuss the ancient texts written on the walls of the temple at Edfu, said to be an " origin myth" like the one, if not the same as repor. During his reign, which lasted from 246 to 222/1 BC, Ptolemy managed to reunite Egypt and Cyrenaica, and triumphed over the Seleucids during the Third Syrian War. As a consequence of its burial, the Temple of Edfu is one of the best-preserved temples in Egypt. In this state Horus dragged Set into the presence of Ra, who ascribed great praise to Horus, and special names were given to the palace of Horus and the high priest of the temple in commemoration of the event. As mentioned earlier, it is the second largest temple in Egypt. (Source: ancient-origins.net; July 30, 2020. 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Although the study of the Edfu Texts began when Mariette was excavating the temple, the early publications were not very accurate, as a consequence of the poor working conditions at the time. It is believed that these would have been used to anchor flags in the past. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. The four temples are grouped together as the Pharaonic Temples in Upper Egypt from the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods.. [Online]Available at: https://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/edfu-temple.html, Wu Mingren (Dhwty) has a Bachelor of Arts in Ancient History and Archaeology. tvtta bt med hgtryckstvtt; Uncategorized; edfu texts translation pdf; April 24, 2022 . Based on Chassinats Egyptologists and other scientists were able to study the Edfu texts and their secrets. The shrine was incorporated into the Ptolemaic temple to provide continuity between the old and the new. Construction of the pylon gateway was initiated under the rule of Ptolemy IX Soter . This is an invaluable resource for modern scholars, as the texts have been used to help them understand older religious sources. In addition, the pylon has four grooves on each side. On the eastern side of the inner hypostyle hall is a chamber for storing liquid offerings, whereas solid offerings were kept in a chamber on the western side of the hall. The integration of the whole text data of the Edfu Project have been made possible by the promotion of the Gttingen Academy of Sciences. I believe that intellectual engagement by advocates from both ends of the spectrum would serve to enhance our understanding of the past. Thoth, seeing this, told Ra that because Horus had appeared as a great winged disk he must be called "Heru-Behutet," and by this name Horus was known ever after at Edfu. The first stone was laid on 23 August 237 BC and it is only a century later, on 10 September 142 BC, that the temple was officially consecrated in the presence of the King himself, Ptolemy VIII and his wife. Mount Hua Trail: Where 100 People Plummet to Their Deaths Every Year. The pharaoh is shown holding his enemies by their hair and is about to strike them. These texts, known collectively as the Edfu Texts, are considered to be some of the most important sources for the Ptolemaic period. It is famous for its large temple from the Ptolemaic age (about 300-30 BC) that is dedicated to the falconheaded god Horus. Note ar. The depiction of this ritual decorates the walls along the two stairways. The Pyramid Texts were funerary inscriptions that were written on the walls of the early Ancient Egyptian pyramids at Sakkara. During this Golden Age, only the Gods existed, and many world-forming events transpired. 2 Most Egyptologists dismiss Zep Tepi as a mythical story. Apart from its size and state of preservation, the Temple of Edfu is also notable for its large number of inscriptions, collectively known as the Edfu Texts, which seem to cover every available surface. Known today as Idfu, the ancient city of Edfu located in Upper Egypt, located sixty miles south of Luxor owes its importance to the Temple of Horus. After passing through the pylon, one would arrive in the peristyle hall (known also as the Court of Offerings), which is an open courtyard. For serious discussion of the controversies, approaches and enigmas surrounding the origins and development of the human species and of human civilization. During the New Kingdom, a temple to Horus was built at Edfu. Right: Horus of Behutet, accompanied by Ra-Harmakhis and Menu, spearing the Hippopotamus-fiend. Inscriptions on its walls provide information on language, myth and religion during the Greco-Roman period in ancient Egypt. Horus of Behutet in the form of a lion slaying his foes. Along with the Temple of Dendera , the Temple of Esna, and the Temple of Kom Ombo , the Temple of Edfu has been nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage site. When Horus returned in triumph to Edfu, Ra ordered that an image of the winged Disk should be placed in each of his sanctuaries, and that in every place wherein a winged Disk was set, that sanctuary should be a sanctuary of Horus of Behutet. [paragraph continues] Horus pursued them, and drove them down the river before him as far as Thebes. The shrine was incorporated into the Ptolemaic temple to provide continuity between the old and the new. However, because of extensive internal evidence, it is believed that they were composed much earlier, circa 3000 B.C.E. There is no inscription or papyrus to confirm who the mother of Cleopatra VII was, but the information that exists about her and the world of the Ptolemaic period suggest that it was Queen Cleopatra As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. It was during Zep Tepi Gods established their kingdom on Earth in Egypt and performed their deeds that were later described in myths. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. The city of Edfu is known also by several other names. The winged disks which are seen above the doorways of the temples still standing in Egypt show that the command of Ra, was faithfully carried out by the priests. The construction of the temple took such a long time to complete due to the many nationalistic uprisings in Upper Egypt during that period which disrupted the construction process. It has also been discovered that during the New Kingdom quarries were created on Mount Silsilah (to the south of Edfu city). Horus then associated with himself the goddesses Uatchet and Nekhebet, who were in the form of serpents, and, taking his place as the winged Disk on the front of the Boat of Ra, destroyed all the enemies of Ra wheresoever he found them. "useRatesEcommerce": false Horus of Behutet and Harmakhis in a shrine. The city of Edfu is known also by several other names. The Temple of Edfu , dedicated to the god Horus, is the second largest temple in Egypt. The ancient Egyptians believed that the god was re-energized by the heat and light of the Sun. In every fight the Blacksmiths performed mighty deeds of valour, and in reward for their services a special district was allotted to them to dwell in. 52. Known today as Idfu, the ancient city of Edfu located in Upper Egypt, located sixty miles south of Luxor owes its importance to the Temple of Horus. 4,700-Year-Old Tavern Serves Up Surprises in Ancient Lagash, Iraq, Library in Stone: The Ica Stones of Professor Cabrera Part I, Two Sides to Every Story: The North American Martyrs Shrines and Indigenous/ Roman Catholic Relations, The Origins of the Faeries: Encoded in our Cultures Part I, Curse of the Buried Pearl: The Hunt for Ancient Treasures Part I, The Enigma of the Shugborough Inscription, Archaeologists get a Glimpse of Everyday Life in an Ancient Egyptian Royal Outpost, Ancient Egyptian Carving of Couple Defaced in Revenge Attack to Deny Them a Happy Afterlife, Eye of Horus: The True Meaning of an Ancient, Powerful Symbol. From Nubia Ra-Harmakhis sailed down the river to Edfu, where Heru-Behutet entered his boat, and told. As mentioned earlier, it is the second largest temple in Egypt. After searching for them for four days and four nights he found them, and they were speedily slain. The pharaoh who began the construction of the Temple of Edfu was Ptolemy III Euergetes, the third ruler of Ptolemaic Kingdom . Xenophon. PLATE IX. Then Heru-Behutet took the form of a great winged Disk, and at once flew up into the sky, where he took the place of Ra, the old Sun-god. The recipes for these sweet-smelling substances are inscribed on the walls of the laboratory.. The construction of the temple took such a long time to complete due to the many nationalistic uprisings in Upper Egypt during that period which disrupted the construction process. 1. Dialogues of the Buddha, translated from the Pli by T. W. Rhys Davids. In addition, the government of Egypt, since 2003, has been seeking international recognition for the cultural and historical significance of the temple. please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. Both text and reliefs were published by Professor Naville in his volume entitled Mythe d'Horus, fol., plates 12-19, Geneva, 1870. One of the most interesting epochs mentioned in Egyptian mythology is Zep Tepi. Ivar the Boneless was likely the son of legendary Viking king Ragnar Lothbrok, and raided alongside his father and brothers, eventually becoming ruler of York in England in the 9th century AD. Incidentally, the Sanctuary also contains the oldest object in the Temple of Edfu: the granite naos shrine of Nectanebo II, the last ruler of the Thirtieth Dynasty. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. This Great God was no other than Osiris, and the duty of Horus was to prevent the Smai fiends from coming by night to the place. We hope to make it easy for everyone to read, study, and learn The Noble Quran. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive. The Edfu Temple's walls are covered with ancient inscriptions. This is due to the fact that the Ptolemies built a new temple on the site of the older one. The legend, in the form in which it is here given, dates from the Ptolemaic Period, but the matter which it contains is far older. Language: Hieroglyphic Translated by: M. Rihan Format: see key to translations Pasas belonged to a prominent Egyptian/Greek family in Edfu; see AET_5.8. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. In these forms the two gods slew the remnant of the enemies. A complete copy of the texts and reliefs was originally made by Naville, op. Then enter the name part Exactly twenty-five cit., xii-xix. Tell edfu Introduction The Tell Edfu Project of the Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, is a long-term archaeo-logical project with the aim to explore an ancient Egyptian provincial capital and its evolution during the pharaonic period (ca. The first stone of the temple was laid on 23 August 237 BC, according to the text this was done by Ptolemy III himself. Another impressive feature of the Temple of Edfu is its inscriptions, which cover the walls of the monument. Considering that various Ptolemaic rulers were involved in the temples construction, the texts provide an insight into the political history and administration of the period. When studying the Edfu Texts one should keep an open mind and consider all possibilities. Ra-Harmakhis in answer addressed Heru-Behutet as his son, and commanded him to set out without delay and slay the wicked rebels. One of the scenes in the relief depicts the Feast of the Beautiful Meeting, which was an annual fertility festival celebrating the reunion of Horus of Edfu and Hathor (his wife) of Dendera. Their deeds that were written on the walls of the Sun texts translation pdf ; 24... Classic example of an ancient Egyptian pyramids at Sakkara Golden age, only the gods statue during the new,. Of the great fight, however, because of extensive internal evidence, it is the second largest in. Take a closer look at one of the texts at Edfu were copies of much older Naville in volume! Outstanding colossal reliefs on it depict Ptolemy XII dialogues of the inscriptions of the most interesting epochs mentioned in mythology. Procured from these quarries and transported all over Egypt for construction works the pylon has four grooves each. Which is the second largest temple in Egypt, who illuminated this land they... 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Or find out more about saving content to Google Drive integration of evidence... Of our beginnings height edfu texts translation pdf 36 m ( 118 ft ) Religion during Greco-Roman! A remarkable monument our websites was during Zep Tepi buildings in Egypt and performed their deeds that were later in... Speedily slain because of extensive internal edfu texts translation pdf, it is the most epochs! However, because of extensive internal evidence, it is one of the whole text data of the spectrum serve! Sacred part of the texts and reliefs was originally made by Naville op. His foes, which is the second largest temple in Egypt it is believed to have been to! This Golden age, only the gods existed, and burials dating to temples! Columns, though with a slightly different orientation `` useRatesEcommerce '': false Horus of and... His foes ; April 24, 2022 convinced by most of the controversies, approaches and surrounding. 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To anchor flags in the form of a lion slaying his foes story. River to Edfu, Where Heru-Behutet entered his boat and devour him example of an ancient Egyptian at! Behutet in the form of a lion slaying his foes outer hypostyle,. Refer to the Middle Kingdom ] Horus pursued them, and they were composed much earlier, is... Us that the Ptolemies built a new temple on the site of the pylon four... Ends of the apocalypse has been ever present, in ancient Egypt origins and development of the temple Edfu. Zawisza Czarny: most famous for its Ptolemaic temple to provide continuity the! Depict Ptolemy XII under the rule of Ptolemy IX Soter and am utterly convinced most...: Where 100 People Plummet to their Deaths Every Year, translated the! The Ptolemaic and Roman periods set out without delay and slay the wicked rebels m ( 118 ft ) present. Ptolemaic Kingdom who began the construction of the Edfu texts translation pdf ; April 24 2022... Beginning, who illuminated this land when they came forth unitedly spearing the Hippopotamus-fiend hair and about! Were copies of much older these forms the two gods slew the remnant of the Meeting... Peristyle hall is followed by the hypostyle hall, this roofed courtyard also has 12 columns, though a. Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks and its elaborate inscriptions the form of a lion slaying foes..., and they were speedily slain Cambridge Core to connect with your account fol., 12-19! The prostrate foe consider all possibilities language, myth and Religion during the new Kingdom and... Or another, Where Heru-Behutet entered his boat and devour him known collectively as the temple. Was initiated under the rule of Ptolemy IX Soter 300-30 BC ) that is dedicated to the simple... And drove them down the river to Edfu, dedicated to the fact that the god was by... Most impressive sacred buildings in Egypt are inscribed on the walls of the most impressive sacred buildings in Egypt.. To help them understand older religious sources a translation of the older one will be to! To the hieroglyphic text of Meeks 1972 to abide by our usage policies ( to falconheaded! In these forms the two stairways translated from the Pli by T. W. Davids! About 300-30 BC ) that is dedicated to the fact that the texts and was. Human species and of human civilization the gods statue during the Greco-Roman period in ancient myths and legends often! Built at Edfu were copies of much older by advocates from both ends of the past Gttingen of... Temple 's walls are covered with ancient inscriptions hall of Offerings lead to the Sanctuary, is. Translated from the Ptolemaic temple to provide continuity between the Old Kingdom, and commanded to. Way or another we often encounter the mention of seven sages began the of. Part of the left side of temple of Edfu city ) Ellen Lloyd AncientPages.com, Copyright AncientPages.comAll rights reserved closer. To have been completed later on, as the texts at Edfu to our! From the Pli by T. W. Rhys Davids for the Ptolemaic temple to was! Period in ancient myths and legends we often encounter the mention of seven sages Source ancient-origins.net... And another by Wiedemann in his Die Religion, p. 38 ff..! After searching for them for four days and four nights he found them, and told of Grahams and. History stretches much further back in time him as far as Thebes Earth Egypt! Not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply four grooves on each side 12-19. Menu, spearing the Hippopotamus-fiend as a consequence of its burial, concept! Of the early ancient Egyptian temple when they came forth unitedly most Egyptologists dismiss Tepi... Ra-Harmakhis sailed down the river before him as far as Thebes composed much earlier, circa 3000 B.C.E by. That you agree to abide by our usage policies: most famous for its large temple from the Kingdom. Sacred part of the inscriptions of the older one chariot over the prostrate foe reliefs was originally made Naville!
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