Game Info. After the death of Charlemagne (pronounced SHAR-leh-main; 742814; ruled 80014), the great Frankish king, the vast Carolingian Empire broke up and the title of emperor was passed to German rulers in the eastern part of Europe. Henry Tudor (14571509), earl of Richmond, became the champion of those who felt that Richard had wrongly taken the throne. The following year, after extensive manipulation by his Habsburg advisers, Charles was elected as Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (he was not officially crowned until 1530). Reviews. Much of the wealth seized from the religious houses was spent on warfare. (See "Feudalism" in Chapter 1.) The Carolingian Dynasty (751-887) was a family of Frankish nobles who ruled Francia and its successor kingdoms in Western and Central Europe during the Early Middle Ages. The Puritans gave him a document called the Millenary Petition, a request for changes that was supposedly signed by a thousand of the king's subjects. He was taught Latin and Greek by one of England's finest scholars, John Cheke (15141557). Hotels are a thing in Sri Lanka too and they come in many flavours. From 1609 until 1614, between 300,000 and 350,000 Moriscos were forced to leave Spain. After Philip III took the throne in 1598, Spain began going into decline. Upon the death of Henry III in 1589, the government of France was taken over by Henry of Navarre (15531610; ruled 15891610), a Protestant, who became King Henry IV. All lands to the east would belong to Portugal and all lands to the west would belong to Spain. Royal Family of United Kingdom. He sought aid from the army in Ireland and from King James VI of Scotland. The original settlers from North Africa were the Iberians, and the area now occupied by Spain and Portugal was named the Iberian Peninsula. Capitalism brought about the rise of cities, which were built as hubs in a network of trade routes throughout Europe. We will have to build, reinforce, and train our own army to rise up as the most powerful on the map. He was more interested in pursuing his own pleasures, so he turned the government over to his favorite adviser, Francisco Gmez de Sandoval y Rojas, duke of Lerma (pronounced fran-THES-koh GO-mahth day sahn-doh-VAHL ee RO-hahs; 15531625). When the popes would not give in to Philip's demands he resolved the situation by having his agents arrest Pope Boniface VIII (c.12351303; reigned 12941303). kingdom definition: 1. a country ruled by a king or queen: 2. an area that is controlled by a particular person or. The country's early history is indistinguishable from that of the other Iberian peoples. This is where the country of France is today and the name for France comes from the Franks. From Turkey to Tonga and Japan to Jordan, royal families have overseen the development of their countries throughout history as heads of state, rulers, and . The English Protestant queen, Elizabeth I, was worried about the Catholic advance in the Low Countries. For the next eight years Charles increased his power and expanded Habsburg territory. T o F, the rise of the Ottoman Turks' empire between the thirteenth and fifteenth century and more. The Comuneros had formed the "Holy League of Cities" and were protesting the policies of Charles's government (see "Spain" section later in this chapter). Years' War. The aged Jimnez de Cisneros, who was now archbishop of Toledo, acted as regent of Castile until Charles arrived in Spain. He did his best to save the fleet, and the Armada sailed north. The rivalry between the English and the French over the throne of France resulted in the Hundred Years' War (13371453; see also "England" section later in this chapter). The French returned in 1499, however, this time to take Naples and Sicily from the Sforzas. Civil wars were also taking a toll, as powerful families struggled over control of duchies in France. One thing is for sure - Rise of Kingdoms monetization strategy plays a huge role in all of this. While the Catalan revolt was going on, the Portuguese took advantage of the confusion and declared their independence from Spain. Which commander is known as the Conqueror of Chaos? At the time of the Moorish invasion, Christianity was also the dominant religion on the Iberian Peninsula. Each house used the image of a rose to represent itselfa red rose for Lancaster and a white rose for York. Yet there was a darker side to the gallant French king. By the mid-eighteenth century, virtually all of the world, including the continents of the Americas, became known to Europeans. However, Henry's sons, Richard and John, were unable to hold these far-flung territories against the vigorous assaults of Louis VII's son Philip Augustus (11651223; ruled 11801223). The Angevins and the Argonese both continued to claim the right to rule Naples and Sicily. The Franks began as a number of Germanic tribes that migrated from northern Europe into Gaul. During his last days, some of his advisers attempted to give the throne to Jane Grey (15371554), the king's distant relative and a supporter of Protestant causes. On September 13 and 14, 1515, at Marignano (now Melegnano) near Milan, Francis won the greatest triumph in what was to be his long career as a military leader. The first successful English colony in North America was Jamestown, Virginia, which was started in 1607 during the reign of Elizabeth's successor, James I. Anglican settlers were later drawn to surrounding areas in Virginia, and in the 1620s Puritan colonists (a Protestant group) sought religious freedom by starting settlements in New England. In spite of tense relations with Parliament and the threat of involvement in wars abroad, James supported the Renaissance that had been initiated by Elizabeth. He expanded his territory by crossing the English Channel (a body of water between France and England) and launching the Norman conquest of England (106670). The smaller English ships darted in and out of the flames, pouncing on stragglers. During the next two hundred years, nearly every remaining land mass in the world, with the exception of Antarctica, was explored and mapped by explorers from these countries. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 made this division official and granted Portugal possession of what is now Brazil. Handsome, dashing, well educated in classical Latin and theology (religious philosophy), he was willing to spend money on learning and the arts. On December 31, 1514, Louis died, and on the first day of 1515 Francis I took the throne of France. As the Renaissance moved north of Italy in the fifteenth century, northern and central Europe was even more fragmented. Their efforts were defeated after the king's agents bullied and bribed the majority of Cortes members. Arresting two rebel leaders, Lamoral, count of Egmont (15221568), and Philip de Montmorency, count of Hoorn (c. 15181568), Alba established the Council of Troubles. Players also can switch to France at any given time as long as they have Civilization Change token available. The loss of the monasteries was felt in various ways. put an end to the bloody French Revolution. After this bloody victory, while looting the city, Henry first glimpsed the riches of African trade that had come from the Indies: cinnamon, pepper, cloves, ginger, and other spices. The quest for Asian ports began in Portugal as revenge against the African Muslims, long-time enemies of Portuguese Christians. James also had to contend with religious unrest. Henry and Anne Boleyn had been secretly married in January, and their daughter Elizabeth was born the following September. He had not secured all of the anchors, so some ships drifted in the water and left an opening for a squadron of English fire ships to move in and set the Armada ablaze. Many Europeans were convinced that life was not supportable near the equator. The plot failed, however, and Essex was arrested. There were two main dynasties that ruled the Franks during the Middle Ages, the Merovingian Dynasty and the Carolingian Dynasty. France and Germany were both once part of what feudal Kingdom? At a Catholic church in Wittenberg, Germany, a German monk named Martin Luther presented a document called the Ninety-five Theses. One of the major differences involved a new interpretation of communion, a Christian religious ceremony in which bread and wine are changed, respectively, into the body and blood of Jesus of Nazareth, also called Christ. England was also dragged into several unsuccessful naval campaigns against Spain and France during the course of the Thirty Years' War. The pope also gave Ferdinand and Isabella the authority to convert the people of these new lands to Christianity and to govern them. Moorish architects renewed cities with intricately decorated mosques, lush gardens, and paved streets. These two buildings introduced to England the classical style of such Italian Renaissance architects as Andrea Palladio (15081580). The court burned hundreds of Huguenots (French Protestants) at the stake. This social and economic system had emerged during the ninth century in the Carolingian Empire (pronounced care-eh-LIN-jee-ehn), which was centered in the region that is now France. Along the way, these explorers laid claim to much of North and South America for the Spanish king. The last group of colonists mysteriously disappeared. In 1520 Wolsey, Henry's principal adviser, attempted to bring peace to Europe by arranging the Treaty of London, but this scheme was not workable. No action was taken, however, because the church wanted to win converts and noblemen did not want to lose Moriscan laborers who worked on their estates. Barbarossa fled to Algiers (now Algeria), in North Africa, with the remnant of his fleet. For years Elizabeth gave her protection in England, even though Mary was in line for the English throne because she was a granddaughter of King James IV (14731513; ruled 14881513) of Scotland and Margaret Tudor (14891514). In late 1520, Francis secretly backed an assault on Luxembourg Olivares had plans for far-reaching reform that he hoped would solve Spain's economic and political problems. France during the eleventh and early twelfth centuries. From their base of operations in Quebec, New France's capital, the French surged farther into the North American interior. French explore inland water routes Nearly sixty years later, and farther north, Henry Hudson (died 1611), a British captain sailing for the Dutch, led his expedition in search of the Northwest Passage. In spite of the spectacular defeat of the Spanish Armada, which established English dominance of the seas, Elizabeth encountered problems in the final years of her reign. Among them was William I Prince of Orange (15331584), the spiritual leader of the rebellion. She was even able to convince the reluctant dauphin (pronounced DOH-fehn; the son of the French king, in this case the future Charles VII) to defy the English and take the throne of France. In the process, the colonizing pattern of European powers was altered greatly. King John IV (16041656; ruled 164056), founder of the Bragana dynasty, then took the Portuguese throne. During the two years his mother, Anne of Austria (16011666), served as regent, France's policy was largely guided by her adviser, Cardinal Jules Mazarin (16021661). Many of the Spanish ships broke up on the west coast of Ireland. Catherine de' Medici (1519-1589) was a Machiavellian politician, wife of Henry II of France, and later rege, A royal house whose members ruled many states of Europe, including France, Navarre, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, which still has a Bourbon member as it, John of Austria A middle class, consisting of merchants and bankers, was taking power away from noblemen. In the process, he helped bring the Italian Renaissance to France. militia to put down noblemen's efforts to revolt. In 1526 he inherited the thrones of Hungary and Bohemia when the Ottoman Turks killed King Louis, the ruler of those provinces. He neglected to reward several of his best lieutenants for their services, and as a result he lost their support. 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